Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Immunity. 2021 Oct 12;54(10):2194-2208. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.014.
As resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), microglia are associated with diverse functions essential to the developing and adult brain during homeostasis and disease. They are aided in their tasks by intricate bidirectional communication with other brain cells under steady-state conditions as well as with infiltrating peripheral immune cells during perturbations. Harmonious cell-cell communication involving microglia are considered crucial to maintain the healthy state of the tissue environment and to overcome pathology such as neuroinflammation. Analyses of such intercellular pathways have contributed to our understanding of the heterogeneous but context-associated microglial responses to environmental cues across neuropathology, including inflammatory conditions such as infections and autoimmunity, as well as immunosuppressive states as seen in brain tumors. Here, we summarize the latest evidence demonstrating how these interactions drive microglia immune and non-immune functions, which coordinate the transition from homeostatic to disease-related cellular states.
作为中枢神经系统（CNS）的常驻巨噬细胞，小胶质细胞与稳态和疾病期间发育中和成年大脑的多种功能相关。在稳态条件下，它们通过与其他脑细胞的复杂双向通信以及在干扰期间与浸润的外周免疫细胞协同作用来完成其任务。涉及小胶质细胞的和谐细胞间通信被认为对于维持组织环境的健康状态以及克服神经炎症等病理学至关重要。对这些细胞间途径的分析有助于我们理解小胶质细胞对神经病理学中各种环境线索的异质但与背景相关的反应，包括感染和自身免疫等炎症状态，以及脑肿瘤中所见的免疫抑制状态。在这里，我们总结了最新的证据，证明这些相互作用如何驱动小胶质细胞的免疫和非免疫功能，从而协调从稳态到与疾病相关的细胞状态的转变。
