Gogoleva V S, Drutskaya M S, Atretkhany K S-N
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.
Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234 Russia.
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2019 Sep-Oct;53(5):790-798. doi: 10.1134/S0026898419050057.
Recently, much attention has been drawn to unraveling the mechanisms of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease pathogenesis. A special role in the development of neuropathologies is assigned to the interaction of the nervous and the immune systems. Microglia are the cells of the immune system that function as resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) and are involved in the development of CNS, as well as in homeostatic interactions. Impaired microglia can contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. With the help of genome editing technologies, the main paradigms in the development and functions of microglia have been addressed. At the same time, an understanding of the mechanisms of regulation of microglia in normal and pathological conditions is necessary to create an effective therapy aimed at treating various neurological diseases. This review focuses on recent findings on the origin of microglia, its regulatory role in the central nervous system, as well as its contribution to the development of neuroinflammation.
近年来，人们对揭示神经退行性疾病和神经炎症性疾病发病机制给予了高度关注。神经病理学的发展中，神经系统与免疫系统的相互作用起着特殊作用。小胶质细胞是免疫系统的细胞，作为中枢神经系统（CNS）的常驻巨噬细胞发挥作用，并参与中枢神经系统的发育以及稳态相互作用。受损的小胶质细胞会导致神经炎症和神经退行性变。借助基因组编辑技术，小胶质细胞发育和功能的主要范式已得到研究。与此同时，了解正常和病理条件下小胶质细胞的调节机制对于开发针对各种神经系统疾病的有效治疗方法至关重要。本综述重点关注小胶质细胞起源的最新研究发现、其在中枢神经系统中的调节作用以及对神经炎症发展的贡献。
