Sequences required for cell-type specific thyroid hormone regulation of rat growth hormone promoter activity.

We have located sequences within the rat growth hormone (rGH) promoter region which are required for pituitary cell-type specific responsiveness to T3 (thyroid hormone, 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine). Transient transfections with a series of plasmids containing as few as 202 nucleotides upstream of the start site of the rat growth hormone mRNA showed specific induction by T3 in rat pituitary cell lines. Both the magnitude and the kinetics of this response were similar to those of the endogenous rGH gene, showing a strong early induction followed by a decline in T3 effect. Deletion of an additional 19 base pairs (to -183 relative to the start site) eliminated this induction. Plasmids containing sequences up to -237 or -202 showed significant promoter activity but no T3 responsiveness in transfections of mouse fibroblasts or monkey kidney cells. The presence of high affinity nuclear T3 binding proteins was demonstrated in both cell types. These results show that sequences between -183 and -202 are required for pituitary cell specific T3 regulation of the rGH promoter. The lack of T3 responsiveness in non-pituitary cells suggests that such regulation may be mediated by factors present in pituitary cells and absent in other cells.