Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biossistemas, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Meio Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2021 Oct 14;11(1):20487. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00015-0.
Schinus terebinthifolia is a species native to different ecoregions in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The plant is listed on the National Relation of Medicinal Plants and recommended as phytomedicine, however while extractive exploitation prevails as the main route of raw material a significant variation of compounds will be detected. To assure the expansion of productive chain it is important to start by studying population diversity and chemical variations. We used SSR markers for studies of genetic structure among populations from dense ombrophilous forest (ES); the deciduous seasonal forest (SM); the savanna (DOU) and the sandbanks (ITA and MSP), and compared the results to their chemical profiles of essential oil. Genetic structure revealed differences among populations and significant fixation rates. Pairwise studies and Bayesian analysis showed similarities between ITA and SM and between DOU and MSP, proving that the patterns of distribution for the species do not follow the isolation by distance or similarity by environmental conditions. The comparison between PCA of genotypes and chemodiversity reinforces the unique profile for each population despite the environmental similarity observed and genetic analysis. The most divergent genotype and chemical group was found at the ombrophilous forest, strong evidence that we should undertake conservation efforts to prevent losses of biodiversity in that area.
巴西樟木是一种原产于巴西大西洋森林不同生态区的物种。该植物被列入国家药用植物名录，并被推荐作为植物药，但在提取开发仍然是主要原料获取途径的情况下，将会检测到化合物的显著变化。为了确保生产链的扩张，首先研究种群多样性和化学变化是很重要的。我们使用 SSR 标记来研究来自茂密的常绿森林（ES）、季节性落叶森林（SM）、热带稀树草原（DOU）和沙洲（ITA 和 MSP）的种群的遗传结构，并将结果与它们的精油化学特征进行比较。遗传结构显示了种群之间的差异和显著的固定率。成对研究和贝叶斯分析表明，ITA 和 SM 之间以及 DOU 和 MSP 之间存在相似性，证明该物种的分布模式不符合距离隔离或环境条件相似性。尽管观察到环境相似性，但基因型和化学多样性的 PCA 比较仍加强了每个种群的独特特征。在常绿森林中发现了最具差异的基因型和化学群，这有力地证明我们应该开展保护工作，以防止该地区生物多样性的丧失。
