Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Dec;28(48):67990-68005. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16782-2. Epub 2021 Oct 14.
A huge amount of radioactive soil has been generated through decommissioning of nuclear facilities around the world. This review focuses on the difficulties and complexities associated with the remediation of radioactive soils at the site level; therefore, laboratory studies were excluded from this review. The problems faced while remediating radioactive soils using techniques based on strategies such as dry separation, soil washing, flotation separation, thermal desorption, electrokinetic remediation, and phytoremediation are discussed, along with appropriate examples. Various factors such as soil type, particle size, the fraction of fine particles, and radionuclide characteristics that strongly influence radioactive soil decontamination processes are highlighted. In this review, we also survey and compare the pool of available technologies currently being used for the remediation of radionuclide-contaminated soils, as well as the economic aspects of soil remediation using different techniques. This review demonstrates the importance of the integrated role of various factors in determining the effectiveness of the radioactive soil decontamination process.
大量放射性土壤是通过世界各地核设施退役产生的。本综述重点关注现场水平放射性土壤修复所涉及的困难和复杂性；因此，本综述不包括实验室研究。讨论了基于干法分离、土壤淋洗、浮选分离、热解吸、电动修复和植物修复等策略的技术修复放射性土壤时所面临的问题，并提供了适当的实例。强调了强烈影响放射性土壤去污过程的各种因素，如土壤类型、粒径、细颗粒分数和放射性核素特性。在本综述中，我们还调查和比较了目前用于放射性污染土壤修复的可用技术，以及使用不同技术进行土壤修复的经济方面。本综述表明，各种因素的综合作用在确定放射性土壤去污过程的有效性方面非常重要。
