Hakulinen T, Andersen A, Malker B, Pukkala E, Schou G, Tulinius H
Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand Suppl. 1986;288:1-151.
Time trends and differentials in cancer incidence in the five Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, were investigated, using material collected by the cancer registries in each country. The incidence at all sites combined and at 23 anatomical sites was studied by age, birth cohort and time period. The maximum lengths of the trends were used for each country. In Denmark the material comprised all the tumours diagnosed in 1943-1980, in Finland and Norway those diagnosed in 1953-1980, in Iceland those diagnosed in 1955-1980, and in Sweden those diagnosed in 1958-1980. For males the age-adjusted cancer incidence rates at all sites combined were highest in Denmark and Finland, and lowest in Sweden and Norway. In females the incidence was highest in Denmark and Iceland, and lowest in Finland. The rates increased slightly for both sexes. For cancer of the pancreas, Hodgkin's disease, acute leukaemia and childhood cancer (all sites combined) the rates in all the Nordic countries were similar every year. For cancers of the stomach, colon, breast, corpus uteri, ovary, prostate, testis, urinary bladder, melanoma of the skin and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas the trends were similar but on different levels. For cancers of the larynx and lung in males the rates in Finland decreased during the 1970s, whereas the rates were increasing in the other Nordic countries. For cancer of the rectum, the trend showed a decrease in Denmark but an increase in the other Nordic countries. For lip cancer the rate in Sweden was almost constant over time, but in Denmark, Finland and Norway a decrease occurred. For oesophageal cancer in males the rates decreased in Finland and Iceland in the 1970s, whereas in Denmark and Norway there was very little change, and in Sweden there was an increase in the rates. For cancer of the cervix uteri the rates started to decrease in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden in the mid-1960s, but in Norway not until some ten years later. The differentials between the countries were largest for cancers of the testis and thyroid, in which the highest incidence was five to six times as large as the lowest. For testicular cancer the rate was the highest in Denmark, for thyroid cancer in Iceland. For both of these cancers the rate was the lowest in Finland. Melanoma of the skin was the cancer with the most rapid increase in incidence with time in all the Nordic countries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
利用各国癌症登记处收集的资料，对丹麦、芬兰、冰岛、挪威和瑞典这五个北欧国家癌症发病率的时间趋势和差异进行了调查。按年龄、出生队列和时间段研究了所有部位合并及23个解剖部位的发病率。每个国家都采用了最长的趋势长度。在丹麦，资料包括1943 - 1980年诊断出的所有肿瘤；在芬兰和挪威，是1953 - 1980年诊断出的肿瘤；在冰岛，是1955 - 1980年诊断出的肿瘤；在瑞典，是1958 - 1980年诊断出的肿瘤。对于男性，所有部位合并的年龄调整癌症发病率在丹麦和芬兰最高，在瑞典和挪威最低。对于女性，发病率在丹麦和冰岛最高，在芬兰最低。两性的发病率均略有上升。对于胰腺癌、霍奇金病、急性白血病和儿童癌症（所有部位合并），所有北欧国家每年的发病率都相似。对于胃癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌、子宫体癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、睾丸癌、膀胱癌、皮肤黑色素瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤，趋势相似但水平不同。对于男性喉癌和肺癌，芬兰的发病率在20世纪70年代下降，而其他北欧国家的发病率在上升。对于直肠癌，丹麦的趋势显示下降，而其他北欧国家则上升。对于唇癌，瑞典的发病率随时间几乎保持不变，但在丹麦、芬兰和挪威则出现下降。对于男性食管癌，芬兰和冰岛在20世纪70年代发病率下降，而丹麦和挪威变化很小，瑞典发病率上升。对于子宫颈癌，丹麦、芬兰、冰岛和瑞典在20世纪60年代中期发病率开始下降，但挪威直到大约十年后才开始下降。各国之间差异最大的是睾丸癌和甲状腺癌，其最高发病率是最低发病率的五到六倍。睾丸癌发病率在丹麦最高，甲状腺癌在冰岛最高。这两种癌症的发病率在芬兰都是最低的。皮肤黑色素瘤是所有北欧国家发病率随时间增长最快的癌症。（摘要截选至400字）
