2020 年抢购潮期间枪支拥有和购买行为中的性格特征。
Dispositional characteristics in firearm ownership and purchasing behavior during the 2020 purchasing surge.
机构信息
Department of Health Behavior, Society, & Policy, School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA.
New Jersey Gun Violence Research Center, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, USA; Department of Urban-Global Public Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, USA.
出版信息
Soc Sci Med. 2021 Nov;289:114408. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114408. Epub 2021 Oct 5.
RATIONALE
In 2020 the U.S. saw a firearm purchasing surge that was synchronous with the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and notable community unrest. Extant literature has highlighted a potential cohort effect among 2020 firearm purchasers and the importance of characterizing these individuals to inform policy and interventions. Dispositional traits have received minimal attention in the firearm literature overall, despite research that indicates dispositional traits impact intervention interest, access, and effectiveness.
OBJECTIVE
The current study examined two dispositional traits indicated as important in firearm research - threat sensitivity (THT) and disinhibition (DIS). We hypothesized that 1) firearm owners overall would have lower THT and higher DIS relative to non-firearm owners, 2) mean levels of DIS (but not THT) would be higher among firearm owners who purchased during the 2020 purchasing surge relative to firearm owners who did not and non-firearm owners, and 3) DIS (but not THT) would be related to future plans for purchasing such that mean levels of DIS would be highest amongst those who have plans.
METHODS
This study used an online-recruited sample (N = 3500) matched to 2010 US Census data.
RESULTS
Firearm owners demonstrated lower THT and higher DIS than non-firearm owners. 2020 firearm purchasers had higher DIS compared to non-firearm owners and non-purchasing firearm owners, while firearm owners who did not purchase had lower THT compared to non-owners and 2020 purchasers. Plans to purchase in the next 12 months was associated with higher DIS relative to those undecided or without plans.
CONCLUSIONS
In combination with prior research, findings suggest elevated DIS may drive purchasing as a danger and distress management strategy, while low THT may protect against emotion-based firearm purchasing. Further research is needed to clarify the directionality of these relationships and to identify other dispositional characteristics of those purchasing firearms in 2020.
背景
2020 年，美国出现了一波枪支购买热潮，这与 SARS-CoV-2（COVID-19）大流行和明显的社区动荡同时发生。现有文献强调了 2020 年枪支购买者中存在潜在的队列效应，并且需要对这些个体进行特征描述，以提供政策和干预措施的依据。总的来说，性格特征在枪支文献中受到的关注很少，尽管有研究表明性格特征会影响干预的兴趣、机会和效果。
目的
本研究考察了在枪支研究中被认为很重要的两个性格特征——威胁敏感性（THT）和去抑制（DIS）。我们假设：1）总体而言，枪支拥有者的 THT 较低，DIS 较高，而非枪支拥有者的 THT 较高，DIS 较低；2）与非枪支拥有者和非购买枪支的枪支拥有者相比，2020 年购买枪支热潮期间购买枪支的枪支拥有者的 DIS 均值（但不是 THT）更高；3）DIS（但不是 THT）与未来购买计划有关，因此 DIS 的均值在有购买计划的人群中最高。
方法
本研究使用了一项在线招募的样本（N=3500），并与 2010 年美国人口普查数据相匹配。
结果
与非枪支拥有者相比，枪支拥有者的 THT 较低，DIS 较高。与非枪支拥有者和非购买枪支的枪支拥有者相比，2020 年购买枪支的枪支拥有者的 DIS 更高，而没有购买枪支的枪支拥有者的 THT 则低于非拥有者和 2020 年购买者。与尚未决定或没有购买计划的人相比，计划在未来 12 个月内购买枪支与更高的 DIS 相关。
结论
结合先前的研究结果，这些发现表明，较高的 DIS 可能是购买枪支的一种危险和困扰管理策略，而较低的 THT 可能会防止基于情绪的枪支购买。需要进一步的研究来阐明这些关系的方向性，并确定 2020 年购买枪支的人的其他性格特征。
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