Toscano Carolina, Soares Isabel, Baptista Joana, Moutinho Vanessa, Mesman Judi
Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2022 May 1;43(4):e218-e226. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000001025. Epub 2021 Oct 15.
This study examined the quality of interaction between preterm-born preschoolers and their mothers and fathers, focusing on the role of child and parental sex.
Participants included 88 preterm-born children (<37 wk gestational age) and 44 full-term-born children (≥37 wk gestational age) aged 3 1/2 years and their parents. Mother-child and father-child dyads were observed during a structured interactive task. Children's cooperation-compliance and negativity-hostility behaviors were coded using the Coding System for Mother-Child Interactions, and parents' sensitive behavior was coded using the Ainsworth Sensitivity Scale.
There was no association between preterm birth and the quality of child and parents' interactive behaviors. In the full-term group, fathers exhibited lower levels of sensitive behavior than mothers, but in the preterm group, both parents exhibited similar levels of sensitive behavior. Preterm boys exhibited more interactive difficulties than preterm girls, but there was no significant effect of child sex on full-term children's interactive behaviors. Children exhibited more compliance-cooperation and less negativity-hostility toward fathers than toward mothers.
The findings suggest that prematurity in itself does not affect the quality of parent-preterm child interactive behaviors as the children enter the preschool period. Preterm boys seem to be at higher risk for interactive difficulties than girls, and thus, child sex should be considered when monitoring and examining the development of preterm children.
本研究考察了早产学龄前儿童与其父母之间的互动质量，重点关注儿童性别和父母性别的作用。
研究对象包括88名孕周小于37周的早产儿童、44名孕周≥37周的足月出生儿童，年龄均为3.5岁，以及他们的父母。在一项结构化互动任务中观察母子和父子二元组。使用母子互动编码系统对儿童的合作顺从和消极敌对行为进行编码，使用安斯沃思敏感性量表对父母的敏感行为进行编码。
早产与儿童及父母互动行为质量之间没有关联。在足月组中，父亲表现出的敏感行为水平低于母亲，但在早产组中，父母双方表现出的敏感行为水平相似。早产男孩比早产女孩表现出更多的互动困难，但儿童性别对足月儿童的互动行为没有显著影响。与母亲相比，儿童对父亲表现出更多的顺从合作和更少的消极敌对。
研究结果表明，随着儿童进入学龄前阶段，早产本身并不影响早产儿童与父母互动行为的质量。早产男孩似乎比女孩面临更高的互动困难风险，因此，在监测和检查早产儿童的发育时应考虑儿童性别。
