mA 阅读器 YTHDC1 通过靶向 SQSTM1 调节糖尿病皮肤中的自噬。
mA reader YTHDC1 modulates autophagy by targeting SQSTM1 in diabetic skin.
机构信息
Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
出版信息
Autophagy. 2022 Jun;18(6):1318-1337. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1974175. Epub 2021 Oct 17.
Dysregulation of macroautophagy/autophagy contributes to the delay of wound healing in diabetic skin. N-methyladenosine (mA) RNA modification is known to play a critical role in regulating autophagy. In this study, it was found that SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1), an autophagy receptor, was significantly downregulated in two human keratinocyte cells lines with short-term high-glucose treatment, as well as in the epidermis of diabetic patients and a db/db mouse model with long-term hyperglycemia. Knockdown of led to the impairment of autophagic flux, which was consistent with the results of high-glucose treatment in keratinocytes. Moreover, the mA reader protein YTHDC1 (YTH domain containing 1), which interacted with mRNA, was downregulated in keratinocytes under both the acute and chronic effects of hyperglycemia. Knockdown of affected biological functions of keratinocytes, which included increased apoptosis rates and impaired wound-healing capacity. In addition, knockdown of endogenous resulted in a blockade of autophagic flux in keratinocytes, while overexpression of rescued the blockade of autophagic flux induced by high glucose. , knockdown of endogenous or inhibited autophagy in the epidermis and delayed wound healing. Interestingly, we found that a decrease of YTHDC1 drove mRNA degradation in the nucleus. Furthermore, the results revealed that YTHDC1 interacted and cooperated with ELAVL1/HuR (ELAV like RNA binding protein 1) in modulating the expression of . Collectively, this study uncovered a previously unrecognized function for YTHDC1 in modulating autophagy via regulating the stability of nuclear mRNA in diabetic keratinocytes. ACTB: actin beta; AGEs: glycation end products; AL: autolysosome; AP: autophagosome; ATG: autophagy related; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; ANOVA: analysis of variance; BECN1: beclin 1; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; DM: diabetes mellitus; ELAVL1: ELAV like RNA binding protein 1; FTO: FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase; G: glucose; HaCaT: human keratinocyte; GO: Gene Ontology; GSEA: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis; HE: hematoxylin-eosin; IHC: immunohistochemical; IRS: immunoreactive score; KEAP1: kelch like ECH associated protein 1; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; mA: N-methyladenosine; M: mannitol; MANOVA: multivariate analysis of variance; MAP1LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MeRIP: methylated RNA immunoprecipitation; METTL3: methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methytransferase complex catalytic subunit; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; NFE2L2: nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2; NG: normal glucose; NHEK: normal human epithelial keratinocyte; OE: overexpressing; p-: phospho-; PI: propidium iodide; PPIN: Protein-Protein Interaction Network; RBPs: RNA binding proteins; RIP: RNA immunoprecipitation; RNA-seq: RNA-sequence; : RNA, U6 small nuclear 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; siRNAs: small interfering RNAs; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; SRSF: serine and arginine rich splicing factor; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TUBB: tubulin beta class I; WT: wild-type; YTHDC1: YTH domain containing 1.
自噬/自噬的失调导致糖尿病皮肤伤口愈合延迟。N-甲基腺苷(mA)RNA 修饰被认为在调节自噬中起着关键作用。在这项研究中,发现两种短期高糖处理的人角质形成细胞系以及糖尿病患者和长期高血糖的 db/db 小鼠模型中,自噬受体 SQSTM1/p62(自噬体 1)显著下调。 敲低导致自噬流受损,这与角质形成细胞中高糖处理的结果一致。此外,在高糖的急性和慢性作用下,mA 读蛋白 YTHDC1(含 YTH 结构域的蛋白 1)在角质形成细胞中下调。 敲低影响角质形成细胞的生物学功能,包括增加凋亡率和损伤伤口愈合能力。此外,内源性 的敲低导致角质形成细胞中的自噬流阻断,而过表达 可挽救高葡萄糖诱导的自噬流阻断。在糖尿病角质形成细胞和皮肤中, 的敲低或抑制导致自噬,并延迟伤口愈合。有趣的是,我们发现 YTHDC1 的减少导致 核 mRNA 降解。此外,结果表明 YTHDC1 通过调节 的表达与 ELAVL1/HuR(ELAV 样 RNA 结合蛋白 1)相互作用和合作。总之,这项研究揭示了 YTHDC1 在调节糖尿病角质形成细胞自噬中的一个以前未被认识的功能,即通过调节 的核 mRNA 稳定性来调节自噬。