Chen Wei, Wang Hong-Yang, Wang Zhi-Jian, Wang Jia, Li Ya-Xin, Sun Cong-Jian
School of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, Shanxi, China.
Shanxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Taiyuan 030013, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2021 Sep;32(9):3159-3166. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202109.028.
We analyzed soil water, nutrients, and yields in three different slope sites in the sloping farmland under Yuluxiang pear planted in the loess hilly region of Western Shanxi, across the growth periods and different soil depths. The results showed that: 1) The yield of pear was in the order of high slope site > middle slope site > low slope site. In high slope site, the yield was significantly correlated with soil water content (SWC), soil organic matter (SOM), available potassium (AK), with AK showing the most significant effect. The yield of pear in middle and low slope sites was significantly correlated with SWC, SOM, and total nitrogen (TN), with SWC having the most significant effect on yield. The contents of SWC, SOM, available phosphorus (AP) and TN in high slope site were higher than in middle and low slope sites, while AK was the highest in middle slope site. 2) Among different soil depths, soil nutrient contents were the highest within 0-20 cm soil layer, but the lowest within 20-40 cm soil layer. The SWC was significantly lower within 0-20 cm than the other soil layers and was the highest within 20-40 cm soil layer. 3) Among different growth periods, the contents of SOM, AP, and TN were the highest in flowering period, the SWC was the highest in fruiting period, and AK content was the highest in maturing period. It was suggested that in the future management of pear water and fertilizer in the region, more K fertilizer should be applied in the high slope sites in the flowering period, while N and P compound fertilizer should be applied in the fruiting period, to enhance irrigation in middle and low slope sites to decrease the limitation of water with 300 m·hm. Our results could provide theoretical support and data refe-rence for planting precision irrigation and scientific fertilization of pear planted in loess hilly areas.
我们分析了山西西部黄土丘陵区玉露香梨种植坡耕地三个不同坡度位点在整个生育期及不同土壤深度的土壤水分、养分和产量。结果表明：1）梨产量表现为高坡位点>中坡位点>低坡位点。在高坡位点，产量与土壤含水量（SWC）、土壤有机质（SOM）、速效钾（AK）显著相关，其中AK影响最为显著。中坡和低坡位点的梨产量与SWC、SOM和全氮（TN）显著相关，其中SWC对产量影响最为显著。高坡位点的SWC、SOM、有效磷（AP）和TN含量高于中坡和低坡位点，而AK在中坡位点最高。2）在不同土壤深度中，土壤养分含量在0 - 20 cm土层最高，但在20 - 40 cm土层最低。SWC在0 - 20 cm显著低于其他土层，在20 - 40 cm土层最高。3）在不同生育期，SOM、AP和TN含量在花期最高，SWC在果实膨大期最高，AK含量在成熟期最高。建议在该地区未来梨的水肥管理中，高坡位点在花期增施钾肥，果实膨大期增施氮磷复合肥，同时对中坡和低坡位点加强灌溉，以减少300 m·hm水分限制。本研究结果可为黄土丘陵区梨树精准灌溉和科学施肥提供理论支持和数据参考。
