Ranadive Sushant M, Dillon Gabrielle A, Mascone Sara E, Alexander Lacy M
Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.
Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
Front Physiol. 2021 Oct 1;12:746278. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.746278. eCollection 2021.
Hypertension (HTN) affects more than one-third of the US population and remains the top risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Identifying the underlying mechanisms for developing HTN are of critical importance because the risk of developing CVD doubles with ∼20 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure (BP). Endothelial dysfunction, especially in the resistance arteries, is the primary site for initiation of sub-clinical HTN. Furthermore, inflammation and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) not only influence the endothelium independently, but also have a synergistic influence on each other. Together, the interplay between inflammation, ROS and vascular dysfunction is referred to as the vascular health triad, and affects BP regulation in humans. While the interplay of the vascular health triad is well established, new underlying mechanistic targets are under investigation, including: Inducible nitric oxide synthase, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and nuclear factor activated T cells. This review outlines the role of these in vascular health and function in humans. This review connects the dots using these underlying inflammation, ROS and vascular dysfunction especially in individuals at risk of or with diagnosed HTN based on novel studies performed in humans.
高血压（HTN）影响着超过三分之一的美国人口，并且仍然是心血管疾病（CVD）发生的首要危险因素。确定高血压发生的潜在机制至关重要，因为收缩压（BP）每升高约20 mmHg，患心血管疾病的风险就会增加一倍。内皮功能障碍，尤其是在阻力动脉中，是亚临床高血压起始的主要部位。此外，炎症以及活性氧和氮物质（ROS/RNS）不仅独立影响内皮，而且彼此之间具有协同影响。炎症、ROS与血管功能障碍之间的相互作用共同被称为血管健康三联征，并影响人体的血压调节。虽然血管健康三联征的相互作用已得到充分证实，但新的潜在机制靶点仍在研究中，包括：诱导型一氧化氮合酶、过氧化氢、硫化氢、活化B细胞核因子κB轻链增强子（NF-κB）和核因子活化T细胞。本综述概述了这些因素在人体血管健康和功能中的作用。基于在人体中进行的新研究，本综述将这些潜在的炎症、ROS和血管功能障碍因素联系起来，特别是在有高血压风险或已确诊高血压的个体中。
