Patra Apurba, Singla Rajan K, Mathur Manoj, Chaudhary Priti, Singal Anjali, Asghar Adil, Malhotra Vishal
Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, IND.
Anatomy, Government Medical College, Patiala, IND.
Cureus. 2021 Sep 5;13(9):e17739. doi: 10.7759/cureus.17739. eCollection 2021 Sep.
Purpose Precise knowledge about clinically observed bony orbital aging is needed for surgical planning for acceptable cosmetic results. The effect of age and gender on the facial skeleton and orbital aperture has been appreciated earlier, but its quantification remains ignored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate age- and sex-related changes in the shape of the orbital aperture and construct a reference data set for the aging phenomenon in Indians. Methods Two hundred digital radiographs (Water's/frontal view) of the skull, obtained for various reasons, were evaluated. The radiographs comprised 107 males and 93 females aged between 10 and 60 years (10-59 years). Orbital shape, height/width, and interorbital/biorbital distances were noted, and orbital indices (OIs) were calculated. Orbital parameters thus obtained were compared between right and left sides and males and females. The relation of the parameters with age and gender was analyzed. Results Four types of orbits, round (33.5%), elliptical (30.5%), rectangular (27.5%), and square (9.5%), were noted in the study population. The average value of height and width of the right orbit was found to be higher than that of the left (p > 0.05). Male patients had higher (p > 0.05) and wider (p > 0.05) orbits than females. The right OI (81.55 ± 5.30) was higher than the left (80.75 ± 4.80) (p > 0.05). When comparatively evaluated between gender, both orbits were found to be of the microseme type with a mere difference (p > 0.05). The average interorbital/biorbital distance was 1.27 ± 2.11 and 9.78 ± 4.40 cm, respectively, without any gender difference. No significant relation was found between the age change and the parameters defined (p > 0.05), except in one age group (10-19 years). Conclusions Orbital dimensions showed no association with age and gender except in one age group (10-19 years); a pubertal growth spurt in females might be causing this phenomenon. The morphometric data may be useful in forensic anthropology and better planning for reconstructive surgeries in the orbito-maxillary region.
目的 为了获得可接受的美容效果，手术规划需要关于临床上观察到的眼眶骨老化的确切知识。年龄和性别对面部骨骼及眶口的影响早已为人所知，但其量化情况仍被忽视。本研究的目的是评估眶口形状与年龄和性别的相关性，并构建印度人眼眶老化现象的参考数据集。方法 对因各种原因获取的200张颅骨数字X线片（华氏位/正位）进行评估。这些X线片包括107名男性和93名女性，年龄在10至60岁（10 - 59岁）之间。记录眼眶形状、高/宽以及眶间/双眶距离，并计算眼眶指数（OI）。对由此获得的眼眶参数在左右两侧以及男性和女性之间进行比较。分析参数与年龄和性别的关系。结果 在研究人群中观察到四种类型的眼眶，圆形（33.5%）、椭圆形（30.5%）、长方形（27.5%）和方形（9.5%）。发现右侧眼眶的高度和宽度平均值高于左侧（p > 0.05）。男性患者的眼眶比女性更高（p > 0.05）且更宽（p > 0.05）。右侧眼眶指数（81.55 ± 5.30）高于左侧（80.75 ± 4.80）（p > 0.05）。在性别间进行比较评估时，发现两个眼眶均为小眼型，差异仅为（p > 0.05）。平均眶间/双眶距离分别为1.27 ± 2.11和9.78 ± 4.40 cm，无性别差异。除一个年龄组（10 - 19岁）外，未发现年龄变化与所定义参数之间存在显著关系（p > 0.05）。结论 除一个年龄组（10 - 19岁）外，眼眶尺寸与年龄和性别无关；女性青春期生长突增可能导致了这一现象。这些形态学数据可能有助于法医人类学以及眶上颌区域重建手术的更好规划。
