Luu Anita K, Wood Geoffrey A, Viloria-Petit Alicia M
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Oct 1;8:734965. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.734965. eCollection 2021.
Canine osteosarcoma (OSA) is an aggressive malignancy that frequently metastasizes to the lung and bone. Not only has there been essentially no improvement in therapeutic outcome over the past 3 decades, but there is also a lack of reliable biomarkers in clinical practice. This makes it difficult to discriminate which patients will most benefit from the standard treatment of amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy. The development of reliable diagnostic biomarkers could aid in the clinical diagnosis of primary OSA and metastasis; while prognostic, and predictive biomarkers could allow clinicians to stratify patients to predict response to treatment and outcome. This review summarizes biomarkers that have been explored in canine OSA to date. The focus is on molecular biomarkers identified in tumor samples as well as emerging biomarkers that have been identified in blood-based (liquid) biopsies, including circulating tumor cells, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles. Lastly, we propose future directions in biomarker research to ensure they can be incorporated into a clinical setting.
犬骨肉瘤（OSA）是一种侵袭性恶性肿瘤，常转移至肺和骨。在过去30年里，治疗效果基本没有改善，而且临床实践中也缺乏可靠的生物标志物。这使得很难区分哪些患者将从截肢和辅助化疗的标准治疗中获益最大。可靠诊断生物标志物的开发有助于原发性OSA和转移的临床诊断；而预后和预测生物标志物可使临床医生对患者进行分层，以预测治疗反应和结果。本综述总结了迄今为止在犬OSA中探索的生物标志物。重点是在肿瘤样本中鉴定出的分子生物标志物以及在基于血液的（液体）活检中鉴定出的新兴生物标志物，包括循环肿瘤细胞、微小RNA和细胞外囊泡。最后，我们提出了生物标志物研究的未来方向，以确保它们能够被纳入临床环境。
