Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 31;22(7):3639. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073639.
Osteosarcoma (OSA) represents the most common bone tumor in dogs. The malignancy is highly aggressive, and most of the dogs die due to metastasis, especially to the lungs. The metastatic process is complex and consists of several main steps. Assessment of the molecular mechanisms of metastasis requires in vitro and especially in vivo studies for a full evaluation of the process. The molecular and biological resemblance of canine OSA to its human counterpart enables the utilization of dogs as a spontaneous model of this disease in humans. The aim of the present review article is to summarize the knowledge of genes and proteins, including , signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Snail2, ezrin, phosphorylated ezrin-radixin-moesin (p-ERM), hepatocyte growth factor-scatter factor (HGF-SF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), miR-9, and miR-34a, that are proven, by in vitro and/or in vivo studies, to be potentially involved in the metastatic cascade of canine OSA. The determination of molecular targets of metastatic disease may enhance the development of new therapeutic strategies.
骨肉瘤（OSA）是犬最常见的骨肿瘤。这种恶性肿瘤具有高度侵袭性，大多数狗因转移而死亡，尤其是肺部转移。转移过程复杂，由几个主要步骤组成。评估转移的分子机制需要进行体外，特别是体内研究，以全面评估该过程。犬骨肉瘤与其人类对应物在分子和生物学上的相似性使得可以利用狗作为人类这种疾病的自发性模型。本文综述的目的是总结基因和蛋白质的知识，包括信号转导和转录激活因子 3（STAT3）、Snail2、ezrin、磷酸化 ezrin-radixin-moesin（p-ERM）、肝细胞生长因子-分散因子（HGF-SF）、表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）、miR-9 和 miR-34a，这些基因和蛋白质已被体外和/或体内研究证明可能参与犬骨肉瘤的转移级联反应。确定转移性疾病的分子靶点可能会增强新治疗策略的开发。
