Fjellström C A, Fredholm U, Julin P, Rehnmark S
Swed Dent J. 1986;10(4):137-43.
Three rapid and two standard developing solutions have been tested. A jaw specimen and an aluminium step wedge were exposed on Kodak Ektaspeed film with a 60 kVp dental x-ray machine. The films were developed during varying times at 21 degrees C under controlled conditions. The image quality was tested with a densitometer as well as visually. The characteristic density curves were constructed and the relative speed, average density, fog and contrast were calculated for each test film. The time at which the contrast specified by the film manufacturer was reached, and beyond which the speed and contrast increased only marginally was regarded as the optimal developing time. With longer developing times no increase in image quality could be perceived visual by three trained observers. The optimal developing time at room temperature 21 degrees C, for the different solutions were found to be Kodak Dental 1:1 1.5 minutes Elfwing Rapid 1:3 1.0 minutes Scanfors Dental 1:2 1.5 minutes Kodak Dental 1:3 3.0 minutes Gevaert G 150 1:5 3.0 minutes The characteristic curves were identical for all developing solutions at the times recommended above and the total fog was below 0.20. However, the image quality was maintained and only an insignificant increase of fog was found even when those times were doubled.
对三种快速显影液和两种标准显影液进行了测试。使用一台60 kVp牙科X光机，将颌骨标本和铝梯级楔形块曝光在柯达Ektaspeed胶片上。在21摄氏度的受控条件下，对胶片进行不同时间的显影。用密度计和目视方式对图像质量进行测试。绘制特性密度曲线，并计算每张测试胶片的相对速度、平均密度、灰雾度和对比度。达到胶片制造商规定对比度的时间，以及超过该时间后速度和对比度仅略有增加的时间，被视为最佳显影时间。在更长的显影时间下，三名经过培训的观察者均未察觉到图像质量有视觉上的提高。在21摄氏度室温下，不同显影液的最佳显影时间分别为：柯达牙科1:1为1.5分钟；艾尔芬快速1:3为1.0分钟；斯坎福斯牙科1:2为1.5分钟；柯达牙科1:3为3.0分钟；吉华特G 150 1:5为3.0分钟。在上述推荐时间下，所有显影液的特性曲线相同，总灰雾度低于0.20。然而，即使将这些时间加倍，图像质量仍能保持，仅发现灰雾度有微不足道的增加。
