INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.
BMC Womens Health. 2021 Oct 20;21(1):369. doi: 10.1186/s12905-021-01501-3.
Autonomy involves making independent decisions and creating lasting and equitable power relationships within families. Many factors, dependent on both the woman and her partner, can influence self-dependence, and subsequent decision-making, exerting a protective or triggering effect on its development. Therefore, the primary objective of the study was to assess autonomy in a sample of Lebanese women. The secondary objective was to evaluate the association between socioeconomic status, psychological factors, and autonomy.
A web based cross-sectional online study was conducted between June 8 and August 1, 2020. The questionnaire developed on Google Forms was distributed through social media and WhatsApp groups, using the snowball technique. The Women's Autonomy Index (WAI) was created using three items adapted from a previous study. In addition, the Composite Abuse Scale Revised-Short Form (CASR-SF) was used to assess three domains of abuse: physical, sexual, and psychological. The Perceived stress scale short version to measure stress perception, the Lebanese Anxiety Scale to measure anxiety and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess depression. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25 was used for data analysis. Linear regressions were performed, taking the Women's Autonomy Index as the dependent variable.
The sample consisted of 369 Lebanese women. University education level (beta = 1.263), alcohol consumption (beta = 0.586), intermediate income level (beta = 0.702), high income (beta = 0.911), employment (beta = 0.559), and older age (beta = 0.033) were significantly associated with higher WAI. Living in South Lebanon (beta = - 0.668) and being Druze (beta = - 323) were associated with lower WAI. Significantly higher mean scores of anxiety and perceived stress were found among women with low autonomy.
In Lebanon, the autonomy of women depends on several personal and partner-related characteristics (education, socioeconomic status, age), in addition to the cultural (geographic and religious) environment. Furthermore, low autonomy is associated with higher perceived stress and anxiety and probable depression and domestic abuse.
自主性涉及在家庭中做出独立决策并建立持久和公平的权力关系。许多因素取决于妇女及其伴侣，这些因素会影响自主性及其后续决策，对其发展产生保护或触发作用。因此，本研究的主要目的是评估黎巴嫩妇女样本中的自主性。次要目的是评估社会经济地位、心理因素与自主性之间的关系。
本研究采用基于网络的横断面在线研究方法，于 2020 年 6 月 8 日至 8 月 1 日进行。在 Google Forms 上开发的问卷通过社交媒体和 WhatsApp 群组使用滚雪球技术进行分发。使用三项源自先前研究的项目创建妇女自主性指数（WAI）。此外，还使用修订后的短期综合虐待量表（CASR-SF）评估三个虐待领域：身体、性和心理。使用短版感知压力量表评估压力感知，使用黎巴嫩焦虑量表评估焦虑，使用患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）评估抑郁。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）版本 25 进行数据分析。以妇女自主性指数为因变量进行线性回归。
本研究样本由 369 名黎巴嫩妇女组成。大学教育水平（β=1.263）、饮酒（β=0.586）、中等收入水平（β=0.702）、高收入（β=0.911）、就业（β=0.559）和年龄较大（β=0.033）与较高的 WAI 显著相关。居住在黎巴嫩南部（β=-0.668）和德鲁兹人（β=-323）与较低的 WAI 相关。自主性较低的女性焦虑和感知压力的平均得分显著较高。
在黎巴嫩，妇女的自主性取决于几个个人和伴侣相关特征（教育、社会经济地位、年龄），以及文化（地理和宗教）环境。此外，低自主性与较高的感知压力和焦虑以及可能的抑郁和家庭虐待相关。
