Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
Corporate Quality Assurance & R&D-Analytical (Healthcare and Food), Emami Ltd., Kolkata, India.
J Food Biochem. 2021 Dec;45(12):e13970. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13970. Epub 2021 Oct 22.
Hyperglycemia-associated oxidative stress leads to various pathophysiological complications in diabetes mellitus. Here, the effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra) root extract of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic changes and the associated free iron-mediated oxidative reactions were investigated. The animals were divided into five group, Group 1: Control (NC received buffer); Group 2: STZ-induced (DC); Group 3: Control treated with G. glabra root extract (NT, 60 mg/Kg b.w daily for 1 month); Group 4: Diabetic treated with the extract (60 mg/Kg b.w daily for 1 month); Group 5: Diabetic treated with glibenclamide (DTG, 8.6 mg/Kg b.w for 1 month). STZ (i) induced hyperglycemia, abnormal intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), increased HbA and decreased plasma insulin levels (ii) hyperlipidemia (iii) lowered antioxidant enzyme activities (iv) diminished RBC membrane fluidity (v) enhanced hemoglobin glycation-induced iron release and associated free radical reactions. Treatment with the extract resulted in significant reversal of hyperglycemia (DC: 205.0 ± 7.0 mg/dl vs. DT: 87.5 ± 4.5 mg/dl, p < .05); HbA (DC: 11.5 ± 2.0 vs. DT: 7.5 ± 0.8 vs. DT: 7.5 ± 0.8, p < .05); insulin (DC: 0.3 ± 0.06 vs. DT: 1.25 ± 0.15 μgm/L, p < .05); free iron (DC: 150.4 ± 7.07 vs. DT: 98.8 ± 7.7 μgm/gm of Hb, p < .05); TBARS (DC + H O : 24.62 ± 11.30 vs. DC + H O : 9.82 ± 2.56 mmoles/h, p < .05); carbonyl (DC: 40.40 ± 1.57 vs. DT: 25.50 ± 1.12 mmoles/g of Hb, p < .05) levels and β-cell count/pancreatic islet (DC: 85 ± 15 vs. DT: 125 ± 20, p < .05). Thus, G. glabra extract is quite effective against hyperglycemia and the associated free iron-mediated oxidative stress. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Chronic use of oral hypoglycemic synthetic drugs may produce side effects and drug resistance. Recently, various plant extracts are being researched to explore their antihyperglycemic potential. Here, the effects of this alcoholic powdered root extract on STZ-induced diabetic changes and associated oxidative stress, including hemoglobin-induced free iron-mediated oxidative reactions were examined. The STZ-induced diabetic changes and hemoglobin-glycation-induced free iron-mediated oxidative reactions were alleviated in the Wistar rats after 1-month of treatment with the extract. We have also reported previously that glycyrrhizin, a bioactive constituent of Glycyrrhiza glabra root inhibits peroxidase, esterase activities of hemoglobin and hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage without affecting oxygen-binding capacity of the protein. This preclinical work further substantiates the potential therapeutic use of the G. glabra whole root extract in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
高血糖相关的氧化应激会导致糖尿病患者出现各种病理生理并发症。在这里，我们研究了甘草（Glycyrrhiza glabra）根提取物对链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病变化和相关的游离铁介导的氧化反应的影响。将动物分为五组：第 1 组：对照组（NC 接受缓冲液）；第 2 组：STZ 诱导组（DC）；第 3 组：用甘草根提取物治疗的对照组（NT，每天 60mg/Kg 体重，持续 1 个月）；第 4 组：用提取物治疗的糖尿病组（60mg/Kg 体重，每天 1 个月）；第 5 组：用格列本脲治疗的糖尿病组（DTG，每天 8.6mg/Kg 体重，持续 1 个月）。STZ（i）诱导高血糖、异常腹腔葡萄糖耐量试验（IPGTT）、升高的 HbA 和降低的血浆胰岛素水平（ii）高脂血症（iii）降低抗氧化酶活性（iv）降低 RBC 膜流动性（v）增强血红蛋白糖基化诱导的铁释放和相关的自由基反应。用提取物治疗后，显著逆转了高血糖（DC：205.0±7.0mg/dl 与 DT：87.5±4.5mg/dl，p<0.05）；HbA（DC：11.5±2.0 与 DT：7.5±0.8 与 DT：7.5±0.8，p<0.05）；胰岛素（DC：0.3±0.06 与 DT：1.25±0.15μgm/L，p<0.05）；游离铁（DC：150.4±7.07 与 DT：98.8±7.7μgm/gm of Hb，p<0.05）；TBARS（DC+H2O2：24.62±11.30 与 DC+H2O2：9.82±2.56mmol/h，p<0.05）；羰基（DC：40.40±1.57 与 DT：25.50±1.12mmol/g of Hb，p<0.05）水平和β细胞计数/胰岛（DC：85±15 与 DT：125±20，p<0.05）。因此，甘草根提取物对高血糖和相关的游离铁介导的氧化应激非常有效。实际应用：慢性使用口服降糖合成药物可能会产生副作用和耐药性。最近，人们正在研究各种植物提取物，以探索它们的降血糖潜力。在这里，研究了这种酒精粉末根提取物对 STZ 诱导的糖尿病变化和相关氧化应激的影响，包括血红蛋白诱导的游离铁介导的氧化反应。在 STZ 诱导的糖尿病大鼠中，经过 1 个月的提取物治疗后，糖尿病变化和血红蛋白糖基化诱导的游离铁介导的氧化反应得到缓解。我们之前也报道过，甘草中的生物活性成分甘草酸抑制了过氧化物酶、血红蛋白的酯酶活性以及血红蛋白介导的氧化损伤，而不影响蛋白质的氧结合能力。这项临床前工作进一步证实了甘草全根提取物在治疗糖尿病方面的潜在治疗用途。
