School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
Phytomedicine. 2021 Dec;93:153770. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153770. Epub 2021 Oct 12.
Syringa microphylla Diels is a plant in the family Syringa Linn. For hundreds of years, its flowers and leaves have been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of cough, inflammation, colds, sore throat, acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, early liver cirrhosis, fatty liver, and oesophageal cancer.
For the first time, we have comprehensively reviewed information on Syringa microphylla Diels that is not included in the Pharmacopoeia, clarified the pharmacological mechanisms of Syringa microphylla Diels and its active ingredients from a molecular biology perspective, compiled in vivo and in vitro animal experimental data and clinical data, and summarized the toxicology and pharmacokinetics of Syringa microphylla Diels. The progress in toxicology research is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new drugs from Syringa microphylla Diels, a natural source of compounds that are potentially beneficial to human health.
The PubMed, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, SciFinder Scholar and Thomson Reuters databases were utilized to conduct a comprehensive search of published literature as of July 2021 to find original literature related to Syringa microphylla Diels and its active ingredients.
To date, 72 compounds have been isolated and identified from Syringa microphylla Diels, and oleuropein, verbascoside, isoacteoside, echinacoside, forsythoside B, and eleutheroside B are the main active components. These compounds have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, and their safety and effectiveness have been demonstrated in long-term traditional applications. Molecular pharmacology experiments have indicated that the active ingredients of Syringa microphylla Diels exert their pharmacological effects in various ways, primarily by reducing oxidative stress damage via Nrf2/ARE pathway regulation, regulating inflammatory factors and inducing apoptosis through the MAPK and NF-κB pathways.
This comprehensive review of Syringa microphylla Diels provides new insights into the correlations among molecular mechanisms, the importance of toxicology and pharmacokinetics, and potential ways to address the limitations of current research. As Syringa microphylla Diels is a natural low-toxicity botanical medicine, it is worthy of development and utilization and is an excellent choice for treating various diseases.
丁香叶忍冬是忍冬科丁香属植物，其花、叶在民间作为止咳、消炎、感冒、咽喉肿痛、急性肝炎、慢性肝炎、早期肝硬化、脂肪肝、食管癌的药物已有数百年的历史。
首次全面综述丁香叶忍冬未收载于《中国药典》的内容，从分子生物学角度阐明丁香叶忍冬及其活性成分的作用机制，整理丁香叶忍冬体内、体外动物实验数据及临床数据，总结丁香叶忍冬的毒理学和药代动力学研究进展，以期为丁香叶忍冬这一具有开发成天然来源化合物新药潜力、有益于人类健康的植物资源的开发利用提供理论依据。
检索 2021 年 7 月前PubMed、Google Scholar、中国知网、Web of Science、SciFinder Scholar、Thomson Reuters 等数据库中有关丁香叶忍冬及其活性成分的文献，全面查找相关文献。
截至目前，从丁香叶忍冬中共分离鉴定出 72 个化合物，其中主要的活性成分为橄榄苦苷、毛蕊花糖苷、异毛蕊花糖苷、獐牙菜苦苷、连翘酯苷 B、淫羊藿苷 B 等。这些化合物具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎、神经保护等作用，在长期的传统应用中已证实其安全性和有效性。分子药理学实验表明，丁香叶忍冬的活性成分通过 Nrf2/ARE 通路调节减轻氧化应激损伤、通过 MAPK 和 NF-κB 通路调节炎症因子和诱导细胞凋亡等多种方式发挥其药理作用。
本综述为丁香叶忍冬的分子机制、毒理学和药代动力学的相关性以及解决当前研究局限性的潜在方法提供了新的见解。由于丁香叶忍冬是一种天然低毒性的植物药，具有开发利用价值，是治疗多种疾病的理想选择。
