Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.
Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 Oct 22;16(10):e0257914. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257914. eCollection 2021.
The effects of saturated fat intake on obesity and cardiovascular health remain inconclusive, likely due in part to their varied nature and interactions with other nutrients. Investigating the synergistic effects of different saturated fat sources with other dietary lipid components will help establish more accurate nutritional guidelines for dietary fat intake. Over the past two decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been established as an attractive model system to address questions regarding contributions of dietary lipid intake to diet-induced obesity in humans. The goal of the present study was to assess interactions of three different saturated fat sources (milk fat, palm oil, and coconut oil) with sex and total dietary lipid intake on weight gain and body composition in adult zebrafish. Larvae were raised on live feeds until 28 days post fertilization, and then fed a formulated maintenance diet until three months of age. An eight-week feeding trial was then initiated, in which zebrafish were fed nine experimental low- and high-fat diets varying in saturated fatty acid and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content, in addition to a low-fat and high-fat control diet. At termination of the feeding trial, each treatment was evaluated according to body mass, moisture content, and adiposity. Sex and diet significantly interacted in their effects on body mass (P = 0.026), moisture content (P = 0.044), and adiposity (P = 0.035). The influence of saturated fat source on body mass was observed to be dependent on intake of total dietary lipid. In females, all three saturated fat sources had similar effects on adiposity. From these observations, we hypothesize that impacts of saturated fat intake on energy allocation and obesity-related phenotypes are influenced by both sex and intake of other dietary lipid components. Our results suggest that current nutritional guidelines for saturated fat intake may need to be re-evaluated and take sex-specific recommendations into consideration.
饱和脂肪摄入对肥胖和心血管健康的影响仍不确定，这可能部分归因于它们性质的多样性以及与其他营养素的相互作用。研究不同饱和脂肪来源与其他膳食脂质成分的协同作用将有助于为膳食脂肪摄入制定更准确的营养指南。在过去的二十年中，斑马鱼（Danio rerio）已被确立为一种有吸引力的模型系统，可用于研究饮食脂质摄入对人类饮食诱导肥胖的贡献。本研究的目的是评估三种不同饱和脂肪源（乳脂、棕榈油和椰子油）与性别和总膳食脂质摄入对成年斑马鱼体重增加和身体成分的相互作用。幼虫在活饲料中饲养至受精后 28 天，然后用配方维持饲料喂养至 3 个月大。然后开始进行为期 8 周的喂养试验，在此期间，斑马鱼被喂食 9 种不同的低脂肪和高脂肪实验饮食，这些饮食的饱和脂肪酸和长链多不饱和脂肪酸含量不同，此外还有一种低脂肪和高脂肪对照饮食。在喂养试验结束时，根据体重、水分含量和肥胖程度对每种处理进行评估。性别和饮食在其对体重（P = 0.026）、水分含量（P = 0.044）和肥胖程度（P = 0.035）的影响上存在显著的相互作用。观察到饱和脂肪源对体重的影响取决于总膳食脂质的摄入量。在雌性中，所有三种饱和脂肪源对肥胖程度的影响相似。根据这些观察结果，我们假设饱和脂肪摄入对能量分配和肥胖相关表型的影响受到性别和其他膳食脂质成分摄入的影响。我们的结果表明，目前的饱和脂肪摄入营养指南可能需要重新评估，并考虑到性别特异性的建议。
