Messelink Gerben J, Lambion Jérôme, Janssen Arne, van Rijn Paul C J
BU Greenhouse Horticulture, Wageningen Research, Violierenweg 1, 2665 MV Bleiswijk, The Netherlands.
Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Insects. 2021 Oct 14;12(10):933. doi: 10.3390/insects12100933.
One of the ecosystem services of biodiversity is the contribution to pest control through conservation and stimulation of natural enemies. However, whether plant diversity around greenhouses is beneficial or a potential risk is heavily debated. In this review, we argue that most greenhouse pests in temperate climates are of exotic origin and infest greenhouses mainly through transportation of plant material. For indigenous pests, we discuss the potential ways in which plant diversity around greenhouses can facilitate or prevent pest migrations into greenhouses. As shown in several studies, an important benefit of increased plant diversity around greenhouses is the stimulation of indigenous natural enemies that migrate to greenhouses, where they suppress both indigenous and exotic pests. How this influx can be supported by specific plant communities, plant characteristics, and habitats while minimising risks of increasing greenhouse pest densities, virus transmission, or hyperparasitism needs further studies. It also requires a better understanding of the underlying processes that link biodiversity with pest management. Inside greenhouses, plant biodiversity can also support biological control. We summarise general methods that growers can use to enhance pest control with functional biodiversity and suggest that it is particularly important to study how biodiversity inside and outside greenhouses can be linked to enhancement of biological pest control with both released and naturally occurring species of natural enemies.
生物多样性的生态系统服务之一是通过保护和刺激天敌来促进害虫控制。然而，温室周围的植物多样性是有益还是存在潜在风险，这一问题引发了激烈的争论。在本综述中，我们认为温带气候下的大多数温室害虫都源自外来物种，主要通过植物材料的运输进入温室。对于本地害虫，我们讨论了温室周围的植物多样性促进或阻止害虫迁入温室的潜在方式。正如多项研究所示，温室周围植物多样性增加的一个重要益处是刺激本地天敌迁移到温室，在那里它们抑制本地和外来害虫。特定的植物群落、植物特征和栖息地如何在支持这种迁入的同时，将温室害虫密度增加、病毒传播或重寄生风险降至最低，这需要进一步研究。这也需要更好地理解将生物多样性与害虫管理联系起来的潜在过程。在温室内，植物生物多样性也可以支持生物防治。我们总结了种植者可以用来通过功能性生物多样性加强害虫控制的一般方法，并指出研究温室内外的生物多样性如何与利用释放的和自然存在的天敌物种加强生物害虫控制相联系尤为重要。
