de Vries Jan Peter Reinier, van Loon Emiel, Borges Paulo A V
cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e do Ambiente, Universidade dos Açores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal.
IBED-Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Insects. 2021 Oct 14;12(10):936. doi: 10.3390/insects12100936.
We present an analysis of arthropod diversity patterns in native forest communities along the small elevation gradient (0-1021 m a.s.l.) of Terceira island, Azores (Portugal). We analysed (1) how the alpha diversity of Azorean arthropods responds to increasing elevation and (2) differs between endemic, native non-endemic and introduced (alien) species, and (3) the contributions of species replacement and richness difference to beta diversity. Arthropods were sampled using SLAM traps between 2014 and 2018. We analysed species richness indicators, the Hill series and beta diversity partitioning (species replacement and species richness differences). Selected orders (Araneae, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Psocoptera) and endemic, native non-endemic and introduced species were analysed separately. Total species richness shows a monotonic decrease with elevation for all species and Coleoptera and Psocoptera, but peaks at mid-high elevation for Araneae and endemic species. Introduced species richness decreases strongly with elevation especially. These patterns are most likely driven by climatic factors but also influenced by human disturbance. Beta diversity is, for most groups, the main component of total (gamma) diversity along the gradient but shows no relation with elevation. It results from a combined effect of richness decrease with elevation and species replacement in groups with many narrow-ranged species.
我们对葡萄牙亚速尔群岛特塞拉岛小海拔梯度（海拔0 - 1021米）原生森林群落中的节肢动物多样性模式进行了分析。我们分析了：（1）亚速尔群岛节肢动物的α多样性如何随海拔升高而变化；（2）特有物种、本地非特有物种和引入（外来）物种之间的差异；（3）物种替代和丰富度差异对β多样性的贡献。2014年至2018年间，我们使用陷捕法对节肢动物进行了采样。我们分析了物种丰富度指标、希尔序列和β多样性划分（物种替代和物种丰富度差异）。分别对选定的目（蜘蛛目、鞘翅目、半翅目和啮目）以及特有物种、本地非特有物种和引入物种进行了分析。所有物种以及鞘翅目和啮目的总物种丰富度随海拔升高呈单调下降，但蜘蛛目和特有物种在中高海拔处达到峰值。引入物种的丰富度尤其随海拔升高而大幅下降。这些模式很可能是由气候因素驱动的，但也受到人类干扰的影响。对于大多数类群而言，β多样性是沿梯度的总（γ）多样性的主要组成部分，但与海拔无关。它是由丰富度随海拔降低以及在许多窄域分布物种的类群中物种替代的综合作用导致的。
