Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510610, China.
Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China.
Molecules. 2021 Oct 13;26(20):6173. doi: 10.3390/molecules26206173.
Biogenic amines (BAs) and nitrites are both considered harmful compounds for customer health, and are closely correlated with the microorganisms in fermented mustard (FM). In this study, BAs and nitrite contents in fifteen FM samples from different brands were analyzed. The concentrations of cadaverine in one sample and of histamine in one sample were above the toxic level. Moreover, five FM samples contained a high level of nitrite, exceeding the maximum residue limit (20 mg/kg) suggested by the National Food Safety Standard. Then, this study investigated bacterial and fungal communities by high-throughput sequencing analysis. and were identified as the major bacteria and fungi phylum, respectively. The correlations among microorganisms, BAs and nitrite were analyzed. Typtamine showed a positive correlation with and . Cadaverine and nitrite is positively correlated with . Furthermore, thirteen strains were selected from the samples to evaluate the accumulation and degradation properties of their BAs and nitrite. The results indicated that the isolates, including GZ-2 and SC-2, can significantly reduce BAs and nitrite in FM model experiments. This study not only assessed the contents of BAs and nitrite in FM samples, but also provided potential starter cultures for BAs and nitrite control in the FM products industry.
生物胺（BAs）和亚硝酸盐都被认为是对人体健康有害的化合物，它们与发酵芥菜（FM）中的微生物密切相关。本研究分析了来自不同品牌的 15 个 FM 样品中的 BAs 和亚硝酸盐含量。一个样品中的尸胺和一个样品中的组胺浓度超过了有毒水平。此外，有 5 个 FM 样品含有高浓度的亚硝酸盐，超过了国家食品安全标准（20mg/kg）建议的最大残留限量。然后，本研究通过高通量测序分析对细菌和真菌群落进行了研究。变形菌门和子囊菌门分别被鉴定为主要的细菌和真菌门。分析了微生物、BAs 和亚硝酸盐之间的相关性。腐胺与和呈正相关。尸胺和亚硝酸盐与呈正相关。此外，从样品中选择了 13 株菌来评估它们在 FM 模型实验中积累和降解 BAs 和亚硝酸盐的特性。结果表明，包括 GZ-2 和 SC-2 在内的 11 株分离菌可以显著降低 FM 中 BAs 和亚硝酸盐的含量。本研究不仅评估了 FM 样品中 BAs 和亚硝酸盐的含量，还为 FM 产品行业中 BAs 和亚硝酸盐的控制提供了潜在的发酵剂。
