Brown School, Washington University, St Louis, MO.
School of Sport Leisure, Recreation and Arts, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022 Feb;122(2):334-344. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.05.006. Epub 2021 Oct 19.
Accurate, readily accessible, and easy-to-understand nutrition labeling is a promising policy strategy to address poor diet quality and prevent obesity.
This study projected the influence of nationwide implementation of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) warning labels and restaurant menu labeling regulations.
A stochastic microsimulation model was built to estimate the influences of SSB warning labels and menu labeling regulations on daily energy intake, body weight, body mass index, and health care expenditures among US adults.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: The model used individual-level data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, and other validated sources.
The model was simulated using the bootstrapped samples, and the means and associated 95% CIs of the policy effects were estimated.
SSB warning labels and restaurant menu labeling regulations were estimated to reduce daily energy intake by 19.13 kcal (95% CI 18.83 to 19.43 kcal) and 33.09 kcal (95% CI 32.39 to 33.80 kcal), body weight by 0.92 kg (95% CI 0.90 to 0.93 kg) and 1.57 kg (95% CI 1.54 to 1.60 kg), body mass index by 0.32 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.33) and 0.55 (95% CI =0.54 to 0.56), and per-capita health care expenditures by $26.97 (95% CI $26.56 to $27.38) and $45.47 (95% CI $44.54 to $46.40) over 10 years, respectively. The reduced per-capita health care expenditures translated into an annual total medical cost saving of $0.69 billion for SSB warning labels and $1.16 billion for menu labeling regulations. No discernable policy effect on all-cause mortality was identified. The policy effects could be heterogeneous across population subgroups, with larger effects in men, non-Hispanic Black adults, and younger adults.
SSB warning labels and menu labeling regulations could be effective policy leverage to prevent weight gains and reduce medical expenses attributable to adiposity.
准确、易于获取且易于理解的营养标签是解决饮食质量差和预防肥胖的一种很有前景的政策策略。
本研究预测了在全国范围内实施含糖饮料（SSB）警示标签和餐厅菜单标签法规的影响。
建立了一个随机微观模拟模型，以估计 SSB 警示标签和菜单标签法规对美国成年人的日常能量摄入、体重、体重指数和医疗保健支出的影响。
参与者/设置：该模型使用了来自全国健康和营养检查调查、医疗支出面板调查和其他经过验证的来源的个人水平数据。
使用 bootstrap 样本模拟模型，并估计政策效果的平均值和相关 95%置信区间。
SSB 警示标签和餐厅菜单标签法规预计将使每日能量摄入分别减少 19.13 千卡（95%置信区间 18.83 千卡至 19.43 千卡）和 33.09 千卡（95%置信区间 32.39 千卡至 33.80 千卡），体重减少 0.92 公斤（95%置信区间 0.90 公斤至 0.93 公斤）和 1.57 公斤（95%置信区间 1.54 公斤至 1.60 公斤），体重指数减少 0.32（95%置信区间 0.31 至 0.33）和 0.55（95%置信区间 0.54 至 0.56），人均医疗保健支出减少 26.97 美元（95%置信区间 26.56 美元至 27.38 美元）和 45.47 美元（95%置信区间 44.54 美元至 46.40 美元），为期 10 年。人均医疗保健支出的减少转化为 SSB 警示标签每年节省 0.69 亿美元的总医疗费用，菜单标签法规每年节省 11.6 亿美元的总医疗费用。没有发现对全因死亡率有明显的政策影响。政策效果在人口亚组之间可能存在异质性，男性、非西班牙裔黑人和年轻人的效果更大。
SSB 警示标签和菜单标签法规可能是预防体重增加和减少与肥胖相关的医疗费用的有效政策手段。
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