Department of Transfusion Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Department of Transfusion Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Clin Lab Med. 2021 Dec;41(4):669-696. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2021.07.009. Epub 2021 Sep 29.
Blood transfusions are generally safe but can carry considerable risks. This review summarizes the different types of transfusion reactions and ways to diagnose and manage them. Symptoms are often overlapping and nonspecific. When a reaction is suspected, it is critical to stop the transfusion immediately and report the reaction to the blood bank, as this can affect the patient's outcome. New evidence-based algorithms of transfusion, newer blood screening methods and donor policies and deferrals, new laboratory testing, electronic verification systems, and improved hemovigilance lead to the avoidance of unnecessary transfusions and decrease the incidence of serious transfusion reactions.
输血通常是安全的,但也存在相当大的风险。本综述总结了不同类型的输血反应以及诊断和处理这些反应的方法。症状通常具有重叠性和非特异性。当怀疑发生反应时,立即停止输血并向血库报告反应至关重要,因为这可能会影响患者的结局。新的基于证据的输血算法、更新的血液筛查方法和供者政策及暂缓、新的实验室检测、电子验证系统以及更好的血液监测,有助于避免不必要的输血并降低严重输血反应的发生率。