Ja'arah Daria, Al Zoubi Mazhar Salim, Abdelhady Gamal, Rabi Firas, Tambuwala Murtaza M
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes. 2021 Oct 17;14:11795514211051697. doi: 10.1177/11795514211051697. eCollection 2021.
A relatively recent addition to the arsenal of antidiabetic drugs used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been the "incretin mimetics," a group of drugs that work on the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor and enhance insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cells in a glucose-dependent manner, more potently in hyperglycemic conditions, while suppressing glucagon secretion at the same time. Therefore, it was assumed that this class of drugs would have a lower risk of hypoglycemia than insulin secretagogues like sulphonylureas. However, GLP-1 receptor agonists have been proposed to cause hypoglycemia in healthy normoglycemic subjects implying that their action is not as glucose-dependent as once thought. Other studies concluded that they might not induce hypoglycemia and the risk is dependent on other individual factors. However, the FDA announced that the 12 GLP-1 receptor agonists currently available on the market had potential safety signs and evaluated the need for regulatory action. This review provides an overview of the studies that investigated the possible hypoglycemic effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists. In addition, the current review describes other adverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment.
“肠促胰岛素类似物”是用于治疗2型糖尿病（T2DM）的抗糖尿病药物库中相对较新的一类药物，这类药物作用于胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）受体，以葡萄糖依赖的方式增强胰腺β细胞的胰岛素分泌，在高血糖情况下作用更强，同时抑制胰高血糖素分泌。因此，人们认为这类药物发生低血糖的风险低于磺脲类等胰岛素促泌剂。然而，有研究提出GLP-1受体激动剂可导致健康的血糖正常受试者发生低血糖，这意味着其作用并不像人们曾经认为的那样依赖葡萄糖。其他研究得出结论，它们可能不会诱发低血糖，风险取决于其他个体因素。然而，美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）宣布，目前市场上可用的12种GLP-1受体激动剂存在潜在安全信号，并评估了采取监管行动的必要性。本综述概述了研究GLP-1受体激动剂可能的低血糖作用的相关研究。此外，本综述还描述了GLP-1受体激动剂治疗的其他不良反应。
