Ameer Muhammad Atif, Bhatti Danish
Department of Medicine, Punjab Rangers Teaching Hospital, Lahore, PAK.
Department of Neurology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA.
Cureus. 2021 Oct 1;13(10):e18425. doi: 10.7759/cureus.18425. eCollection 2021 Oct.
Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is a chronic focal dystonia that involves the mouth, jaw, and tongue. It may cause repetitive or sustained dystonic movements, which can be very disabling for patients. It is usually a life-long disorder with numerous treatment options that are, most often, partially curative. In our experience, the best modality to treat OMD is botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections, which not only provide long-term relief but also have fewer adverse effects compared to other medications. Although multiple small- and large-scale studies support this fact, there is still a need for evidence from large randomized clinical trials. Jaw-closing dystonia responds very well to BoNT injections compared to other subtypes of OMD. This review discusses in detail the evidence, injection technique, and typical starting doses for botulinum injection.
口下颌肌张力障碍（OMD）是一种慢性局灶性肌张力障碍，累及口腔、下颌和舌头。它可能导致重复性或持续性肌张力障碍性运动，这对患者来说可能非常致残。它通常是一种终身性疾病，有多种治疗选择，大多数情况下只能部分治愈。根据我们的经验，治疗OMD的最佳方式是注射肉毒杆菌毒素（BoNT），与其他药物相比，它不仅能提供长期缓解，而且副作用更少。尽管多项小规模和大规模研究支持这一事实，但仍需要大型随机临床试验的证据。与OMD的其他亚型相比，闭颌肌张力障碍对BoNT注射的反应非常好。这篇综述详细讨论了肉毒杆菌注射的证据、注射技术和典型起始剂量。
