加利福尼亚州的地方风味烟草销售限制是否能有效减少调味烟草制品的零售供应？一项多组分评估。
Are California's Local Flavored Tobacco Sales Restrictions Effective in Reducing the Retail Availability of Flavored Tobacco Products? A Multicomponent Evaluation.
机构信息
California Tobacco Control Program, 117025California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA, USA.
UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 8789University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
出版信息
Eval Rev. 2021 Jun-Aug;45(3-4):134-165. doi: 10.1177/0193841X211051873. Epub 2021 Oct 25.
INTRODUCTION
Flavored tobacco appeals to new users. This paper describes evaluation results of California's early ordinances restricting flavored tobacco sales.
METHODS
A multicomponent evaluation of proximal policy outcomes involved the following: (a) tracking the reach of local ordinances; (b) a retail observation survey; and (c) a statewide opinion poll of tobacco retailers. Change in the population covered by local ordinances was computed. Retail observations compared availability of flavored tobacco at retailers in jurisdictions with and without an ordinance. Mixed models compared ordinance and matched no-ordinance jurisdictions and adjusted for store type. An opinion poll assessed retailers' awareness and ease of compliance with local ordinances, comparing respondents in ordinance jurisdictions with the rest of California.
RESULTS
The proportion of Californians living in a jurisdiction with an ordinance increased from 0.6% in April 2015 to 5.82% by January 1, 2019. Flavored tobacco availability was significantly lower in ordinance jurisdictions than in matched jurisdictions: menthol cigarettes (40.6% vs. 95.0%), cigarillos/cigar wraps with explicit flavor descriptors (56.4% vs. 85.0%), and vaping products with explicit flavor descriptors (6.1% vs. 56.9%). Over half of retailers felt compliance was easy; however, retailers in ordinance jurisdictions expressed lower support for flavor sales restrictions.
CONCLUSIONS
The proportion of California's population covered by a flavor ordinance increased nine-fold between April 2015 and January 2019. Fewer retailers in ordinance jurisdictions had flavored tobacco products available compared to matched jurisdictions without an ordinance, but many still advertised flavored products they could not sell. Comprehensive ordinances and retailer outreach may facilitate sales-restriction support and compliance.
引言
调味烟草吸引新用户。本文描述了加利福尼亚州早期限制调味烟草销售的法规的评估结果。
方法
对接近政策结果的多方面进行评估，包括以下内容：（a）跟踪地方法规的覆盖范围；（b）零售观察调查；（c）对全州烟草零售商的民意调查。计算受地方法规覆盖的人口变化。零售观察比较了有和没有法规的司法管辖区中调味烟草在零售商处的供应情况。混合模型比较了法规和匹配的无法规司法管辖区，并根据商店类型进行了调整。民意调查评估了零售商对地方法规的认识和遵守难易程度，将在法规管辖区的受访者与加利福尼亚州的其他地区进行比较。
结果
在 2015 年 4 月至 2019 年 1 月 1 日期间，居住在有法规的司法管辖区的加利福尼亚州居民的比例从 0.6%增加到 5.82%。在有法规的司法管辖区，调味烟草的供应明显低于匹配的司法管辖区：薄荷香烟（40.6%比 95.0%）、带有明确调味描述的小雪茄/雪茄包装（56.4%比 85.0%）和带有明确调味描述的电子烟产品（6.1%比 56.9%）。超过一半的零售商认为遵守规定很容易；然而，在有法规的司法管辖区的零售商对限制调味销售的支持力度较低。
结论
在 2015 年 4 月至 2019 年 1 月期间，加利福尼亚州受调味法规覆盖的人口比例增加了九倍。与没有法规的匹配司法管辖区相比，有法规的司法管辖区的零售商提供调味烟草产品的数量较少，但许多零售商仍在宣传他们不能销售的调味产品。全面的法规和零售商外展可能会促进销售限制的支持和遵守。
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