Sewerin I P
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1987 Feb;63(2):241-8. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(87)90321-5.
The appearance on processed x-ray film of images due to mechanical manipulation (bending, pressure, biting, etc.), as well as the influence of a number of other factors (degree and direction of bending, protective effect of film packet, etc.), was studied. A variety of very dissimilar images was produced. Some appeared as plus density artifacts, others as minus density artifacts. A critical influence on the nature of the image was observed with manipulation of film that was unexposed or was exposed before or after manipulation. The emulsions on the two sides of the film base responded differently to different types of manipulation. Forces exerted on the unprotected film (in the darkroom) induced images different than corresponding forces exerted through the film packet.
研究了因机械操作（弯曲、施压、咬合等）在处理后的X光胶片上出现的图像，以及许多其他因素（弯曲程度和方向、胶片包的保护作用等）的影响。产生了各种非常不同的图像。有些表现为正密度伪影，有些表现为负密度伪影。在对未曝光或在操作前后曝光的胶片进行操作时，观察到对图像性质有重大影响。胶片片基两侧的乳剂对不同类型的操作反应不同。在暗室中施加在未受保护胶片上的力所产生的图像，与通过胶片包施加的相应力所产生的图像不同。
