Valley Fever Center for Excellence, The University of Arizona, 1656 E Mabel St, PO Box 245215, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
Anivive Lifesciences, LLC, 3250 Airflite Way STE 400, Long Beach, CA 90807, United States.
Vaccine. 2021 Nov 16;39(47):6894-6901. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.029. Epub 2021 Oct 23.
Coccidioidomycosis is a significant health problem of dogs and humans in endemic regions, especially California and Arizona in the U.S. Both species would greatly benefit from a vaccine to prevent this disease. A live avirulent vaccine candidate, Δcps1, was tested for tolerability and efficacy to prevent pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in a canine challenge model. Vaccine injection-site reactions were transient and there were no systemic effects observed. Six of seven vaccine sites tested and all draining lymph nodes were sterile post-vaccination. Following infection with Coccidioides posadasii, strain Silveira, arthroconidia into the lungs, dogs given primary and booster vaccinations had significantly reduced lung fungal burdens (P = 0.0003) and composite disease scores (P = 0.0002) compared to unvaccinated dogs. Dogs vaccinated once had fungal burdens intermediate between those given two doses or none, but disease scores were not significantly different from unvaccinated (P = 0.675). Δcps1 was well-tolerated in the dogs and it afforded a high level of protection when given as prime and boost. These results drive the Δcps1 vaccine toward a licensed veterinary vaccine and support continued development of this vaccine to prevent coccidioidomycosis in humans.
球孢子菌病是地方性流行地区（尤其是美国加利福尼亚州和亚利桑那州）犬类和人类的重大健康问题。这两个物种都将极大地受益于预防这种疾病的疫苗。一种活的无毒候选疫苗Δcps1 已在犬类挑战模型中进行了耐受性和功效测试，以预防肺部球孢子菌病。疫苗接种部位反应短暂，未观察到全身效应。接种后，7 个疫苗接种部位中有 6 个和所有引流淋巴结均无菌。感染球孢子菌后，将分生孢子接种到肺部，接受初次和加强接种的狗的肺部真菌负荷（P=0.0003）和综合疾病评分（P=0.0002）与未接种疫苗的狗相比显著降低。单次接种的狗的真菌负荷介于接种两剂或不接种之间，但疾病评分与未接种疫苗的狗无显著差异（P=0.675）。Δcps1 在狗中耐受良好，作为初级和加强疫苗接种可提供高水平的保护。这些结果使Δcps1 疫苗有望成为一种许可的兽医疫苗，并支持继续开发这种疫苗以预防人类球孢子菌病。
