School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Waste Manag. 2022 Jan 1;137:9-19. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.10.013. Epub 2021 Oct 23.
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) treatment is promising for organic waste valorisation in the circular economy; however, waste variability impacts the process performance and quality of produced larvae. Specifically, variation in the carbohydrate profile of treated wastes has been suggested to have a significant impact on BSFL treatment performance and quality of produced larvae, with particular carbohydrates either positively or negatively influencing these variables. This study examines the hypothesis that the types of carbohydrates within the substrate can have significant influence on larval survival, waste reduction, bioconversion, and waste conversion efficiency, as well as the crude lipid content and fatty acid profiles of the produced larvae. The carbohydrates explored were D glucose, sucrose, D (-) fructose, corn and wheat starch, D (+) galactose, D (+) mannose, D (+) xylose, D (-) arabinose and xylan from beechwood. Young larvae were grown for 9 days on chicken feed-based diets containing various carbohydrate additives each at 20 dry mass %. Treatments containing hemicellulose constituents galactose and arabinose produced the most adverse effects on process performance relative to the benchmark. Xylan was significantly detrimental to bioconversion (-14.7 ± 3.8%) and waste conversion efficiencies (-19.0 ± 4.4%). There were minimal significant effects on performance from mono- and di-saccharides and starch additives. Larvae crude lipid contents were significantly increased by wheat starch (+12.6 ± 3.0%) and decreased by galactose (-15.0 ± 1.4%) and xylan additives (-27.5 ± 3.4%), however fatty acid profiles were largely unaffected and were dominated by lauric acid. These results indicate that despite an otherwise balanced and nutritious substrate, the carbohydrate profile of organic waste should be an important consideration in BSFL treatment when ensuring process performance and larval lipid contents. The consequences of these results for BSFL treatment of real wastes are discussed. Large scale treatment facilities should formulate substrates accordingly and identify methods to mitigate the anti-nutritional effects of poor carbohydrate profiles, particularly those high in hemicelluloses and their constituents.
黑水虻幼虫（BSFL）处理有望在循环经济中实现有机废物的增值利用；然而，废物的可变性会影响处理过程的性能和所产幼虫的质量。具体而言，有人认为，处理废物中的碳水化合物组成的变化会对 BSFL 处理的性能和所产幼虫的质量产生重大影响，某些特定的碳水化合物会对这些变量产生积极或消极的影响。本研究检验了这样一个假设，即基质中的碳水化合物类型可能会对幼虫的存活率、废物减少量、生物转化和废物转化率以及所产幼虫的粗脂肪含量和脂肪酸组成产生重大影响。所研究的碳水化合物包括 D 葡萄糖、蔗糖、D（-）果糖、玉米和小麦淀粉、D（+）半乳糖、D（+）甘露糖、D（+）木糖、D（-）阿拉伯糖和来自山毛榉的木聚糖。在含有各种碳水化合物添加剂的鸡饲料基饮食中，用幼虫喂养 9 天，每种添加剂的干质量为 20%。与基准相比，含有半纤维素成分半乳糖和阿拉伯糖的处理对工艺性能产生了最不利的影响。木聚糖对生物转化（-14.7±3.8%）和废物转化率（-19.0±4.4%）有显著的不利影响。单糖、二糖和淀粉添加剂对性能的影响很小。小麦淀粉（+12.6±3.0%）显著增加了幼虫的粗脂肪含量，而半乳糖（-15.0±1.4%）和木聚糖添加剂（-27.5±3.4%）则降低了粗脂肪含量，但脂肪酸组成基本不变，主要以月桂酸为主。这些结果表明，尽管有一个平衡和营养丰富的基质，但在确保处理过程的性能和幼虫脂肪含量的同时，有机废物的碳水化合物组成应该是 BSFL 处理的一个重要考虑因素。讨论了这些结果对 BSFL 处理实际废物的影响。大型处理设施应相应地配制基质，并确定减轻不良碳水化合物组成（特别是富含半纤维素及其成分的碳水化合物）的抗营养作用的方法。
