Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
Animal. 2024 Aug;18(8):101240. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101240. Epub 2024 Jul 5.
The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is attracting increasing interest for its ability to convert low-value substrates into highly nutritious feed. This study aimed at evaluating grape pomace from two varieties (Becuet - B; Moscato - M) as rearing substrates for black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), focusing on the related effects on larval growth performance, proximate composition, and fatty acid profile. A total of six replicates per treatment, and 1 000 BSFL per replica, were used. Larval development was assessed by larvae weight, which was recorded eight times during the trial: the day after the beginning of the trial, and then on days 5, 8, 13, 15, 20, 22, and 27 (day in which the 30% of BSFL reached the prepupal stage). Production and waste reduction efficiency parameters, namely the growth rate, substrate reduction and substrate reduction index, were calculated. The two grape pomace varieties were analysed for their proximate composition and fatty acid profile; the same analyses were conducted on BSFL (30 larvae per replica) that were collected at the end of the trial (day 27). The growth rate of BSFL showed a higher value when the larvae were reared on B substrate (4.4 and 3.2 mg/day for B and M, respectively; P < 0.01). The rearing substrate did not significantly affect the proximate composition of BSFL. The percentage of total lipids (TL) in M-fed BSFL was significantly higher than in B ones. Total saturated (P < 0.001) and monounsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in M-fed BSFL, while an opposite trend was observed for total branched-chain (P < 0.001) and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.001). Interestingly, some conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers [i.e., C18:2 c9t11(+t7c9+t8c10) and t9t11] were detected in low amounts in both rearing substrates (total CLA equal to 0.085 and 0.16 g/100 g TL in B and M substrate, respectively). Some CLA isomers (i.e., C18:2 c9t11, t7c9, and t10c12) were also found in BSFL, reaching a total CLA concentration equal to 2.95 and 0.052 g/100 g of TL in B-fed and M-fed BSFL, respectively. This study demonstrates that winery by-products from different grape varieties can significantly affect the development and lipid composition of BSFL. The CLA biosynthesis potential of BSFL opens newsworthy perspectives for a new valorisation of winery by-products to produce full-fat black soldier fly meal and black soldier fly oil enriched in specific fatty acids of potential health-promoting interest.
黑腹果蝇（Hermetia illucens）因其能够将低价值基质转化为高营养价值饲料的能力而引起越来越多的关注。本研究旨在评估两种品种（Becuet-B；Moscato-M）的葡萄渣作为黑腹果蝇幼虫（BSFL）的饲养基质，重点研究其对幼虫生长性能、近似成分和脂肪酸谱的相关影响。每个处理组使用 6 个重复，每个重复 1000 只 BSFL。幼虫发育通过幼虫体重进行评估，在试验期间记录了 8 次：试验开始后的第二天，然后在第 5、8、13、15、20、22 和 27 天（30%的 BSFL 达到预蛹期的那一天）。计算了生产和废物减少效率参数，即增长率、基质减少和基质减少指数。对两种葡萄渣品种进行了近似成分和脂肪酸谱分析；对试验结束时（第 27 天）收集的 30 只 BSFL 进行了相同的分析。当幼虫在 B 基质上饲养时，BSFL 的增长率表现出更高的值（B 和 M 分别为 4.4 和 3.2mg/天；P<0.01）。饲养基质对 BSFL 的近似成分没有显著影响。M 饲养的 BSFL 中的总脂质（TL）百分比明显高于 B 饲养的 BSFL。总饱和脂肪酸（P<0.001）和单不饱和脂肪酸（P<0.05）在 M 饲养的 BSFL 中明显较高，而总支链（P<0.001）和总多不饱和脂肪酸（P<0.001）则呈现相反的趋势。有趣的是，两种饲养基质中都检测到了少量的共轭亚油酸（CLA）异构体[即 C18:2 c9t11（+t7c9+t8c10）和 t9t11]（B 和 M 基质中的总 CLA 分别为 0.085 和 0.16g/100g TL）。在 BSFL 中还发现了一些 CLA 异构体（即 C18:2 c9t11、t7c9 和 t10c12），B 饲养和 M 饲养的 BSFL 中总 CLA 浓度分别达到 2.95 和 0.052g/100g TL。本研究表明，不同葡萄品种的酿酒厂副产品可显著影响 BSFL 的发育和脂质组成。BSFL 的 CLA 生物合成潜力为利用酿酒厂副产品生产富含特定具有潜在健康促进作用的脂肪酸的全脂黑腹果蝇粉和黑腹果蝇油开辟了新的前景。
