大麻对生殖健康的影响：孕前和妊娠期的影响。
Effects of marijuana on reproductive health: preconception and gestational effects.
机构信息
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Department of Urology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland.
出版信息
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2021 Dec 1;28(6):558-565. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000686.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Recent widespread legalization changes have promoted the availability of marijuana and its increased potency and perceived safety. The limited evidence on reproductive and perinatal outcomes from marijuana exposure is enough to warrant concern and action. The objective of this review is to provide a current and relevant summary of the recent literature surrounding this topic.
RECENT FINDINGS
The available published studies on the effect of marijuana exposure on reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes are conflicting. Human studies are often observational or retrospective and confounded by self-report and polysubstance use. However, the current, limited evidence suggests that marijuana use adversely affects male and female reproductive health. Additionally, prenatal marijuana exposure has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and small for gestational age infants.
SUMMARY
With the increasing prevalence of marijuana use, there is an urgent need for evidence-driven recommendations and guidelines for couples interested in conception, affected by infertility or who are expecting. At this time, no amount of marijuana use during conception or pregnancy is known to be well tolerated and the limited available evidence suggests that the safest choice is to abstain.
目的综述
最近广泛的大麻合法化改革促进了大麻的供应及其效力和认知安全性的提高。关于大麻暴露对生殖和围产期结局的有限证据足以引起关注并采取行动。本综述的目的是提供有关该主题的最新文献的当前和相关总结。
最近的发现
关于大麻暴露对生殖健康和妊娠结局的影响的现有已发表研究结果相互矛盾。人类研究通常是观察性或回顾性的，受到自我报告和多种物质使用的影响。然而，目前有限的证据表明，大麻使用会对男性和女性的生殖健康产生不利影响。此外，据报道，产前大麻暴露与早产和胎儿生长受限的风险增加有关。
总结
随着大麻使用的流行率不断上升，对于有生育意向的夫妇、受不孕影响的夫妇或孕妇来说，迫切需要有循证建议和指南。目前，还不知道在受孕或怀孕期间使用多少大麻是可以耐受的，有限的可用证据表明，最安全的选择是禁欲。
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