von Doetinchem P, Perez K, Aramaki T, Baker S, Barwick S, Bird R, Boezio M, Boggs S E, Cui M, Datta A, Donato F, Evoli C, Fabris L, Fabbietti L, Ferronato Bueno E, Fornengo N, Fuke H, Gerrity C, Gomez Coral D, Hailey C, Hooper D, Kachelriess M, Korsmeier M, Kozai M, Lea R, Li N, Lowell A, Manghisoni M, Moskalenko I V, Munini R, Naskret M, Nelson T, Ng K C Y, Nozzoli F, Oliva A, Ong R A, Osteria G, Pierog T, Poulin V, Profumo S, Pöschl T, Quinn S, Re V, Rogers F, Ryan J, Saffold N, Sakai K, Salati P, Schael S, Serksnyte L, Shukla A, Stoessl A, Tjemsland J, Vannuccini E, Vecchi M, Winkler M W, Wright D, Xiao M, Xu W, Yoshida T, Zampa G, Zuccon P
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2505 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 U.S.A.
Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 U.S.A.
J Cosmol Astropart Phys. 2020 Aug;2020. doi: 10.1088/1475-7516/2020/08/035. Epub 2020 Aug 18.
The precise measurement of cosmic-ray antinuclei serves as an important means for identifying the nature of dark matter and other new astrophysical phenomena, and could be used with other cosmic-ray species to understand cosmic-ray production and propagation in the Galaxy. For instance, low-energy antideuterons would provide a "smoking gun" signature of dark matter annihilation or decay, essentially free of astrophysical background. Studies in recent years have emphasized that models for cosmic-ray antideuterons must be considered together with the abundant cosmic antiprotons and any potential observation of antihelium. Therefore, a second dedicated Antideuteron Workshop was organized at UCLA in March 2019, bringing together a community of theorists and experimentalists to review the status of current observations of cosmic-ray antinuclei, the theoretical work towards understanding these signatures, and the potential of upcoming measurements to illuminate ongoing controversies. This review aims to synthesize this recent work and present implications for the upcoming decade of antinuclei observations and searches. This includes discussion of a possible dark matter signature in the AMS-02 antiproton spectrum, the most recent limits from BESS Polar-II on the cosmic antideuteron flux, and reports of candidate antihelium events by AMS-02; recent collider and cosmic-ray measurements relevant for antinuclei production models; the state of cosmic-ray transport models in light of AMS-02 and Voyager data; and the prospects for upcoming experiments, such as GAPS. This provides a roadmap for progress on cosmic antinuclei signatures of dark matter in the coming years.
宇宙射线反原子核的精确测量是识别暗物质性质和其他新天体物理现象的重要手段，并且可与其他宇宙射线种类一起用于了解宇宙射线在银河系中的产生和传播。例如，低能反氘核将提供暗物质湮灭或衰变的“确凿证据”特征，基本上不受天体物理背景的影响。近年来的研究强调，宇宙射线反氘核模型必须与大量的宇宙反质子以及任何可能的反氦观测结果一并考虑。因此，2019年3月在加州大学洛杉矶分校组织了第二届反氘核专题研讨会，汇聚了理论家和实验家群体，以回顾宇宙射线反原子核当前观测的现状、理解这些特征的理论工作，以及即将进行的测量对阐明当前争议的潜力。本综述旨在综合这项近期工作，并阐述其对未来十年反原子核观测与搜寻的影响。这包括讨论阿尔法磁谱仪（AMS-02）反质子能谱中可能的暗物质特征、贝加尔湖中微子实验（BESS Polar-II）对宇宙反氘核通量的最新限制，以及AMS-02关于候选反氦事件的报告；与反原子核产生模型相关的近期对撞机和宇宙射线测量；鉴于AMS-02和“旅行者”号数据的宇宙射线传输模型的状况；以及即将进行的实验（如GAPS）的前景。这为未来几年暗物质宇宙反原子核特征的研究进展提供了路线图。
