Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
Ann Anat. 2022 Jan;239:151848. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151848. Epub 2021 Oct 29.
The HES proteins (hairy and Enhancer of split (E(spl)) homologs) are basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Family members HES1, 3, and 5 are all critical regulators of nervous system development. The Hes genes exhibit oscillatory expression levels, and this dynamic expression allows for the complex regulation of numerous downstream genes such as Ascl1, Neurog2, Olig2 involved in the differentiation of specific cell types. In addition, HES proteins act as hubs for the molecule crosstalk among Notch, Wnt, and other signaling pathways that regulate nervous system development.
HES 蛋白（毛状和 Spl 增强子同源物）是碱性螺旋-环-螺旋（bHLH）转录因子，可调节干细胞的增殖和分化。家族成员 HES1、3 和 5 都是神经系统发育的关键调节因子。Hes 基因表现出振荡的表达水平，这种动态表达允许对许多下游基因（如参与特定细胞类型分化的 Ascl1、Neurog2、Olig2）进行复杂的调节。此外，HES 蛋白作为 Notch、Wnt 和其他信号通路之间分子串扰的枢纽，这些信号通路调节神经系统的发育。
