Abraham-Juárez María Jazmín, Barnes Allison C, Aragón-Raygoza Alejandro, Tyson Destiny, Kur Andi, Strable Josh, Rellán-Álvarez Rubén
Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Irapuato, 36821, Mexico.
Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2021 Dec;64:102124. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102124. Epub 2021 Oct 26.
People living in the Balsas River basin in southwest México domesticated maize from the bushy grass teosinte. Nine thousand years later, in 2021, Ms. Deb Haaland - a member of the Pueblo of Laguna tribe of New Mexico - wore a dress adorned with a cornstalk when she was sworn in as the Secretary of Interior of the United States of America. This choice of garment highlights the importance of the coevolution of maize and the farmers who, through careful selection over thousands of years, domesticated maize and adapted the physiology and shoot architecture of maize to fit local environments and growth habits. Some traits such as tillering were directly selected on (arches), and others such as tassel size are the by-products (spandrels) of maize evolution. Here, we review current knowledge of the underlying cellular, developmental, physiological, and metabolic processes that were selected by farmers and breeders, which have positioned maize as a top global staple crop.
生活在墨西哥西南部巴尔萨斯河流域的人们从繁茂的草本植物大刍草中驯化出了玉米。九千年后的2021年，新墨西哥州拉古纳部落的黛布·哈兰德女士在宣誓就任美国内政部长时，身着一件装饰有玉米秸秆的连衣裙。这一着装选择凸显了玉米与农民共同进化的重要性，数千年来，农民们通过精心挑选，驯化了玉米，并使玉米的生理特征和地上部结构适应了当地环境和生长习性。一些性状，如分蘖（拱肩）是直接选择的结果，而其他性状，如雄穗大小则是玉米进化的副产品（拱肩）。在这里，我们回顾了目前有关细胞、发育、生理和代谢过程的知识，这些过程是农民和育种者所选择的，它们使玉米成为全球主要的粮食作物。
