Key Laboratory for Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience of Shaanxi Province, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
Geovis Spatial Technology Co.,Ltd, Xi'an, 710100, China.
Appl Ergon. 2022 Feb;99:103629. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103629. Epub 2021 Oct 28.
Neglecting a critical auditory alarm is a major obstacle to maintaining a safe environment, especially in aviation. Earlier studies have indicated that tasks with a higher perceptual or cognitive load in the visual modality influence the processing of auditory stimuli. It is unclear, however, whether other factors, such as memory failure, active neglect, or expectancy influence the effect of cognitive load on auditory alarm detection sensitivity during aeronautical decision-making. In this study, we investigated this issue in three laboratory experiments using the technique of signal detection analysis, in which participants were asked to make a landing decision based on indicators of the instrument landing system while also trying to detect an audible alarm. We found that the sensitivity of auditory alarm detection was reduced under conditions of high cognitive load and that this effect persisted even when the auditory detection response occurred first (before the landing decision response) and when the probability of an auditory alarm was 40%. However, the sensitivity of auditory detection was not influenced by cognitive load under high expectancy conditions (60% probability of alarm presentation). Furthermore, the value of the response bias was reduced under high cognitive load conditions when the probability of an auditory alarm was low (20%). With an increase in the level of expectancy (40% and 60% probability of alarm presentation), it was found that cognitive load did not influence the response bias. These findings indicate that visual cognitive load affects the sensitivity to an auditory alarm only at a low expectancy level (20% and 40% probability of alarm presentation). The effect of cognitive load on the sensitivity to an auditory alarm was not due to memory failure or active neglect and the response bias was more sensitive to the expectancy factor.
忽略关键的听觉警报是维持安全环境的主要障碍，特别是在航空领域。早期的研究表明，视觉模式下具有较高感知或认知负荷的任务会影响对听觉刺激的处理。然而，尚不清楚其他因素（如记忆失败、主动忽视或期望）是否会影响认知负荷对航空决策过程中听觉警报检测灵敏度的影响。在这项研究中，我们使用信号检测分析技术在三个实验室实验中研究了这个问题，其中要求参与者根据仪表着陆系统的指示做出着陆决策，同时尝试检测可听警报。我们发现，在高认知负荷条件下，听觉警报检测的灵敏度会降低，即使听觉检测响应先发生（在着陆决策响应之前），并且听觉警报的概率为 40%时，这种效果仍然存在。然而，在高期望条件下（警报呈现概率为 60%），认知负荷对听觉检测的灵敏度没有影响。此外，当听觉警报的概率较低（20%）时，在高认知负荷条件下，响应偏差值会降低。随着期望水平的提高（警报呈现概率为 40%和 60%），发现认知负荷不会影响响应偏差。这些发现表明，视觉认知负荷仅在低期望水平（警报呈现概率为 20%和 40%）下影响对听觉警报的灵敏度。认知负荷对听觉警报灵敏度的影响不是由于记忆失败或主动忽视引起的，响应偏差对期望因素更为敏感。
