State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2022 Feb;127:104305. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104305. Epub 2021 Oct 27.
Beetles are the most diverse group of insects in Insecta which can be found in almost every habitat and environment on Earth. The possessing of the rapid and effective immune defenses is one of the important factors for their success. It is generally recognized that beetles only rely on the non-specific innate immune defense, without immunological memory, to fight against pathogens. However, there was cumulative evidence for the innate immune memory in invertebrates, including beetles, over the last decades, implying that insect innate immunity is more complex and has more features than previously thought. In beetles, it has been well documented that the specific or nonspecific enhanced immunocompetence can persist throughout development within generations and can even be transferred to the descendents in the next generation. Although insect immune priming might be shaped by epigenetic modifications and transferring effectors, mRNA and microbial signals, the solid experimental evidence to support the causal relationship between any of them and immune priming is still scarce. The combined usage of 'omics' approaches and CRISPR/Cas9 in the appropriate insect models with well-known genetic background, Tribolium castaneum and Tenebrio molitor, will help us to decipher the molecular mechanisms by which immune priming occurs in beetles in depth.
甲虫是昆虫纲中最多样化的昆虫类群，几乎可以在地球上的每一种栖息地和环境中找到。拥有快速有效的免疫防御能力是它们成功的重要因素之一。一般认为，甲虫仅依赖于非特异性先天免疫防御，没有免疫记忆，来对抗病原体。然而，在过去的几十年中，有越来越多的证据表明，无脊椎动物（包括甲虫）具有先天免疫记忆，这意味着昆虫先天免疫比以前认为的更复杂，具有更多的特征。在甲虫中，已经有充分的证据表明，特异性或非特异性的免疫增强能力可以在整个世代的发育过程中持续存在，甚至可以传递给下一代的后代。尽管昆虫免疫启动可能受到表观遗传修饰和效应因子的转移的影响，但支持它们中的任何一种与免疫启动之间因果关系的确凿实验证据仍然很少。在具有明确遗传背景的合适昆虫模型（赤拟谷盗和黄粉虫）中，结合使用“组学”方法和 CRISPR/Cas9，将有助于我们深入了解甲虫中免疫启动发生的分子机制。
