Trusov N V, Semin M O, Shipelin V A, Apryatin S A, Gmoshinski I V
Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Vopr Pitan. 2021;90(5):25-37. doi: 10.33029/0042-8833-2021-90-5-25-37. Epub 2021 Sep 1.
The use of nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activity in the composition of foods for special dietary uses and dietary supplements is one of the effective methods of dietary therapy of alimentary obesity and related diseases. was to study the effect of the combined intake of resveratrol and L-carnitine (RC) on the expression of genes responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and inflammatory reactions in the liver and kidneys of rats in normal conditions and with diet-induced obesity. . Male Wistar rats received for 63 days a standard balanced diet or a high-fat-high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) with an excess of total fat (30%) and fructose (20% solution instead of drinking water), or the same diets supplemented with RC in a low (25 mg/kg body weight as resveratrol and 300 mg/kg as L-carnitine) or high (50 and 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively) doses. The expression of genes (Khk, Gck, Pklr, Acaca, Acacb, Fasn, Scd, Srebf1, Mlxipl, Ppara, Pparg, Actb, Gapdh) in liver cells was studied by the method of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The distribution of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF-2) and intercellular adhesion molecule type 2 (ICAM-2) in the liver and kidneys was assessed by confocal laser microscopy and immunohistochemistry. . Increased expression of Fasn (fatty acid synthase) in rats treated with high-fat high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) decreased under RC intake. RC consumption caused a decrease in the number of TAT-, NRF-2- and ICAM-2-positive cells in the liver of rats treated with HFCD, but had the opposite effect in the kidneys. The consumption of RC at the low dose by rats fed HFCD caused changes in the expression profiles of the studied marker genes, indicating a possible hypolipidemic effect. However, observed increased expression of lipogenic genes in the liver and elevated level of NRF-2 and ICAM-2 in kidney against the background of consumption of RC with the standard balanced diet cannot be assessed as unambiguously positive. . Thus, possible negative effects caused, most likely, by the interaction of nutraceuticals with various mechanisms of action should be taken into account when developing formulations of dietary supplements and foods for special dietary uses for dietary therapy of obesity.
在特殊膳食用途食品和膳食补充剂的成分中使用具有抗炎和降血脂活性的营养保健品是治疗饮食性肥胖及相关疾病的有效饮食疗法之一。本研究旨在探讨白藜芦醇和左旋肉碱（RC）联合摄入对正常条件下及饮食诱导肥胖大鼠肝脏和肾脏中负责碳水化合物、脂肪代谢及炎症反应的基因表达的影响。雄性Wistar大鼠连续63天接受标准均衡饮食、高脂肪高碳水化合物饮食（HFCD，总脂肪过量30%，用20%果糖溶液代替饮用水），或上述相同饮食并分别添加低剂量（白藜芦醇25mg/kg体重，左旋肉碱300mg/kg体重）或高剂量（分别为50和600mg/kg体重）的RC。通过实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法研究肝细胞中基因（Khk、Gck、Pklr、Acaca、Acacb、Fasn、Scd、Srebf1、Mlxipl、Ppara、Pparg、Actb、Gapdh）的表达。通过共聚焦激光显微镜和免疫组织化学评估酪氨酸转氨酶（TAT）、核因子红细胞2相关因子2（NRF-2）和细胞间粘附分子2型（ICAM-2）在肝脏和肾脏中的分布。高脂肪高碳水化合物饮食（HFCD）处理的大鼠中脂肪酸合酶（Fasn）表达增加，而摄入RC后降低。RC的摄入使HFCD处理的大鼠肝脏中TAT、NRF-2和ICAM-2阳性细胞数量减少，但在肾脏中产生相反作用。HFCD喂养的大鼠低剂量摄入RC导致所研究的标记基因表达谱发生变化，表明可能具有降血脂作用。然而，在标准均衡饮食的大鼠摄入RC的背景下，观察到肝脏中脂肪生成基因表达增加以及肾脏中NRF-2和ICAM-2水平升高，不能明确判定为积极作用。因此，在开发用于肥胖饮食治疗的膳食补充剂和特殊膳食用途食品配方时，应考虑营养保健品与各种作用机制相互作用可能产生的负面影响。
