抗体介导的抗原靶向肠道氨肽酶 N 可在猪中引发肠道 IgA 应答。

Antibody-Mediated Targeting of Antigens to Intestinal Aminopeptidase N Elicits Gut IgA Responses in Pigs.

机构信息

Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Laboratory of Gene therapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

出版信息

Front Immunol. 2021 Oct 14;12:753371. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.753371. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Many pathogens enter the host the gut, causing disease in animals and humans. A robust intestinal immune response is necessary to protect the host from these gut pathogens. Despite being best suited for eliciting intestinal immunity, oral vaccination remains a challenge due to the gastrointestinal environment, a poor uptake of vaccine antigens by the intestinal epithelium and the tolerogenic environment pervading the gut. To improve uptake, efforts have focused on targeting antigens towards the gut mucosa. An interesting target is aminopeptidase N (APN), a conserved membrane protein present on small intestinal epithelial cells shown to mediate epithelial transcytosis. Here, we aimed to further optimize this oral vaccination strategy in a large animal model. Porcine APN-specific monoclonal antibodies were generated and the most promising candidate in terms of epithelial transcytosis was selected to generate antibody fusion constructs, comprising a murine IgG1 or porcine IgA backbone and a low immunogenic antigen: the F18-fimbriated tip adhesin FedF. Upon oral delivery of these recombinant antibodies in piglets, both mucosal and systemic immune responses were elicited. The presence of the FedF antigen however appeared to reduce these immune responses. Further analysis showed that F18 fimbriae were able to disrupt the antigen presenting capacity of intestinal antigen presenting cells, implying potential tolerogenic effects of FedF. Altogether, these findings show that targeted delivery of molecules to epithelial aminopeptidase N results in their transcytosis and delivery to the gut immune systems. The results provide a solid foundation for the development of oral subunit vaccines to protect against gut pathogens.

摘要

许多病原体进入宿主的肠道,导致动物和人类患病。肠道需要有强大的免疫反应来保护宿主免受这些肠道病原体的侵害。尽管口服疫苗是激发肠道免疫的最佳选择,但由于胃肠道环境、肠道上皮细胞对疫苗抗原的摄取能力差以及肠道内的耐受环境等因素,口服疫苗仍然是一个挑战。为了提高摄取率,人们致力于将抗原靶向肠道黏膜。一个有趣的靶标是氨肽酶 N(APN),这是一种存在于小肠上皮细胞表面的保守膜蛋白,已被证明可以介导上皮细胞的胞吞作用。在这里,我们旨在通过大型动物模型进一步优化这种口服疫苗接种策略。生成了针对猪 APN 的单克隆抗体,并选择在跨上皮转运方面最有前途的候选物来生成抗体融合构建体,这些构建体包含鼠 IgG1 或猪 IgA 骨架和低免疫原性抗原:F18 菌毛状尖端粘附素 FedF。在仔猪中口服递送这些重组抗体后,均能引发黏膜和系统免疫反应。然而,FedF 抗原的存在似乎降低了这些免疫反应。进一步的分析表明,F18 菌毛能够破坏肠道抗原呈递细胞的抗原呈递能力,这意味着 FedF 可能具有潜在的耐受作用。总之,这些发现表明,将分子靶向递送至上皮氨肽酶 N 可导致它们的胞吞作用,并递送至肠道免疫系统。这些结果为开发针对肠道病原体的口服亚单位疫苗提供了坚实的基础。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5970/8551371/a1c863d50335/fimmu-12-753371-g001.jpg

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