T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 2022 Jun;69(3-4):484-502. doi: 10.1002/ajcp.12564. Epub 2021 Nov 1.
Across two studies, we examined whether racially diverse contexts in combination with creating a third (multiracial) space played a protective role in the association between perceived monoracism and psychological adjustment for multiracial adults. Study 1 participants (N = 263; 77.8% female, M = 32.16 years) were recruited from national multiracial organizations and completed an online cross-sectional survey in 2009. Study 2 participants (N = 1478; 56.2% female, M = 48.89 years) were recruited by the Pew Research Center and completed a nationally representative survey in 2015. Results indicated significant three-way interaction effects on psychological adjustment, with differential effects depending on the types of perceived monoracism. Specifically, when subjective racial diversity was high, creating a third space buffered against the deleterious effects of multiracial discrimination on distress, negative affect, and life satisfaction; while it exacerbated the link between perceived racial ambiguity and negative affect. This study provides empirical evidence for the importance of using an ecological framework when examining multiracial identity and experiences. Results also highlight the need to move beyond conceptualizing and measuring multiracial experiences as dichotomous risks or resiliencies. Rather, we should aim to understand multiracial experiences as either promoting or inhibiting across contexts, time, and individual characteristics.
在两项研究中，我们考察了在多民族环境中创造第三个（多种族）空间是否对感知的单一种族主义与多种族成年人的心理适应之间的关联起到保护作用。研究 1 的参与者（N=263；77.8%为女性，M=32.16 岁）来自全国多个种族组织，并于 2009 年完成了一项在线横断面调查。研究 2 的参与者（N=1478；56.2%为女性，M=48.89 岁）由皮尤研究中心招募，并于 2015 年完成了一项全国代表性调查。结果表明，在心理适应方面存在显著的三向交互效应，具体取决于感知的单一种族主义的类型。具体而言，当主观种族多样性较高时，创造第三个空间可以缓冲多种族歧视对痛苦、消极情绪和生活满意度的不利影响；而当感知种族模糊性与消极情绪之间的联系加剧时，创造第三个空间则会加剧这种联系。本研究为在考察多种族身份和经历时使用生态框架提供了实证证据。研究结果还强调了需要超越将多种族经历概念化为或衡量为二分风险或恢复力的必要性。相反，我们应该着眼于理解多种族经历在不同背景、时间和个体特征下是促进还是抑制。
