Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Nurs Philos. 2022 Apr;23(2):e12375. doi: 10.1111/nup.12375. Epub 2021 Nov 1.
Since the era of deinstitutionalisation, many clinical approaches have emerged to enable the care and treatment of people suffering from mental illness. In recent years, the use of coercive approaches in the community (e.g., outpatient commitment or community treatment orders) has also increased internationally. Although nurses' role regarding these coercive approaches is central and significant, few empirical and theoretical writings have tackled this controversial nursing practice. The purpose of this paper is to analyse coercive nursing care through the lens of French philosopher Gilles Deleuze's concept of 'societies of control'. Taking up Michel Foucault's work on disciplinary power, Deleuze explores how the move from the striated spaces of closed institutions to the smooth spaces of societies of control took place since the middle of the 20th century. According to Deleuze, the overall objective of 'societies of control' is no longer simply to govern deviant behaviour in closed environments (e.g., psychiatric hospitals and prisons) but to ensure a regime of unrelentless surveillance in the open spaces of our communities.
自去机构化时代以来，已经出现了许多临床方法，以能够为患有精神疾病的人提供护理和治疗。近年来，国际上也越来越多地在社区中使用强制性方法（例如门诊承诺或社区治疗令）。尽管护士在这些强制性方法中的角色是核心和重要的，但很少有实证和理论著作涉及这一有争议的护理实践。本文旨在通过法国哲学家吉尔·德勒兹（Gilles Deleuze）的“控制社会”概念来分析强制性护理。德勒兹借鉴了米歇尔·福柯（Michel Foucault）关于纪律权力的著作，探讨了自 20 世纪中叶以来，从封闭机构的条纹空间向控制社会的平滑空间转变的情况。根据德勒兹的说法，“控制社会”的总体目标不再仅仅是在封闭环境（例如精神病院和监狱）中简单地治理异常行为，而是要确保在我们社区的开放空间中实行无情的监视制度。
