Mezzatesta Gava Marcela, Miquel Laia, Jarvis G Eric
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Department, 16512Sant Joan de Deu Hospital & Fundación Salud y Comunidad, Barcelona, Spain.
Grup de Recerca en Addiccions Clínic, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Barcelona, Spain.
Transcult Psychiatry. 2022 Apr;59(2):202-213. doi: 10.1177/13634615211043767. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
Gender-based violence (GBV) among female refugees/asylum seekers is a major underreported/understudied psychosocial issue. The aims of this study were: to describe the proportion of GBV-related experiences among female refugees/asylum seekers referred to a Cultural Consultation Service (CCS) in Montreal; to describe their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics; and to compare these characteristics among women who make GBV their principal refugee claim (Group A), those who did not but had suffered GBV (Group B1), and those who had never reported GBV (Group B2). Data on sociodemographic and clinical variables and GBV were gathered by chart review. Data were analyzed using chi-square for categorical and ANOVA for continuous comparisons. A total of 91 female refugees/asylum seekers were evaluated from 2000 to 2013; 80% (73/91) having reported GBV, with 38.5% (35/91) using GBV as the principal reason for seeking asylum in Canada (Group A), mainly due to intimate partner violence (IPV). Fully 66.6% (38/56) of women who sought asylum for reasons other than GBV reported having experienced GBV (Group B1). When compared to the other groups, Group A women exhibited a number of statistically significant differences: they tended to migrate alone ( < .001), be divorced/single ( = .02), have more suicidal thoughts/behaviors ( < .001), and report a history of IPV ( < .001). Women from Group B1 were more likely to be diagnosed with Affective Disorders ( = .045), and to have suffered sexual violence ( < .001). Results suggest that GBV is frequently experienced by refugee/asylum seeker women in this small, tertiary care clinical sample. When assessing refugee women such as these, differences in the kind of violence suffered, migration process, family/social support, and clinical related features should be taken into account and explored by clinicians in a culturally appropriate and safe manner.
女性难民/寻求庇护者中的性别暴力（GBV）是一个严重的、未得到充分报告和研究的社会心理问题。本研究的目的是：描述转介到蒙特利尔文化咨询服务机构（CCS）的女性难民/寻求庇护者中与性别暴力相关经历的比例；描述她们的社会人口学和临床特征；并比较将性别暴力作为主要难民申请理由的女性（A组）、未将其作为主要理由但遭受过性别暴力的女性（B1组）和从未报告过性别暴力的女性（B2组）之间的这些特征。通过查阅病历收集社会人口学、临床变量和性别暴力的数据。使用卡方检验进行分类比较，使用方差分析进行连续变量比较。2000年至2013年期间，共评估了91名女性难民/寻求庇护者；80%（73/91）报告遭受过性别暴力，其中38.5%（35/91）将性别暴力作为在加拿大寻求庇护的主要原因（A组），主要是由于亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）。在因性别暴力以外的原因寻求庇护的女性中，足足66.6%（38/56）报告曾经历过性别暴力（B1组）。与其他组相比，A组女性表现出一些统计学上的显著差异：她们倾向于独自移民（<0.001）、离婚/单身（=0.02）、有更多自杀念头/行为（<0.001），并报告有亲密伴侣暴力史（<0.001）。B1组女性更有可能被诊断患有情感障碍（=0.045），并遭受过性暴力（<0.001）。结果表明，在这个小型三级护理临床样本中，难民/寻求庇护者女性经常经历性别暴力。在评估这类难民妇女时，临床医生应以文化上合适且安全的方式考虑并探究所遭受暴力的类型、移民过程、家庭/社会支持以及临床相关特征的差异。
