作为一种胰岛激素和胰岛素分泌的旁分泌/自分泌调节剂，ghrelin 的状态。

Status of ghrelin as an islet hormone and paracrine/autocrine regulator of insulin secretion.

机构信息

Iryo Sosei University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 5-5-1, Chuodai Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima, 970-8551, Japan.

Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Center for Integrative Physiology, Division of Integrative Physiology, 1-5-6 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan; Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.

出版信息

Peptides. 2022 Feb;148:170681. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170681. Epub 2021 Oct 30.

DOI:10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170681

PMID:34728253

Abstract

Ghrelin is expressed in the pancreatic islet cells as well as the stomach. In the perfused pancreas and isolated islets, GHS-R antagonism, ghrelin immunoneutralization and ghrelin-knockout (Ghr-KO) all increase glucose-induced insulin release. Thus, pharmacological, immunological and genetic blockades of ghrelin in the pancreatic islets all markedly augment glucose-induced insulin release, showing that islet-derived ghrelin physiologically restricts insulin release in rodents. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the following key questions: 1) from which islet cells ghrelin is released, 2) on which islet cells ghrelin acts, and 3) mechanisms by which the islet-derived ghrelin inhibits insulin secretion.

摘要

胃饥饿素在胰岛细胞和胃中表达。在灌注胰腺和分离胰岛中，GHS-R 拮抗剂、胃饥饿素免疫中和和胃饥饿素敲除（Ghr-KO）都增加葡萄糖诱导的胰岛素释放。因此，胰岛中胃饥饿素的药理学、免疫学和遗传学阻断都显著增强葡萄糖诱导的胰岛素释放，表明胰岛来源的胃饥饿素在啮齿动物中生理性地限制胰岛素释放。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注以下关键问题的当前理解：1）胃饥饿素从哪些胰岛细胞释放，2）胃饥饿素作用于哪些胰岛细胞，以及 3）胰岛来源的胃饥饿素抑制胰岛素分泌的机制。