Neff Élise, Vancappel Alexis, Moioli Laura, Ducrocq François, El-Hage Wissam, Prieto Nathalie, Abgrall Gaëlle
Cellule d'urgence médico-psychologique, SAMU, groupe hospitalier Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France.
Centre régional de psychotraumatologie Paris Centre et Sud, Paris, France.
Ann Med Psychol (Paris). 2023 Mar;181(3):208-215. doi: 10.1016/j.amp.2021.10.006. Epub 2021 Oct 12.
COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences have put into great difficulty health professionals, and the general population, fostering the emergence of various psychological and psychiatric disorders. Medical and psychological emergency units' mission is the medical and psychological emergency care of people impacted during a traumatic event. Given their expertise in crisis management, they set up an important medical and psychological support system adapted to the health crisis' characteristics. The unusual modalities of intervention, the specific clinic that these professionals faced in this context of great tension may have unsettled workers and generate a psychological impact. This study aims to assess the existence of such repercussions among medical and psychological emergency unit professionals involved in this new system.
In all, 313 medical and psychological emergency unit professionals agreed to participate at the online survey. They filled surveys and visual analog scales assessing the difficulties encountered in the system, as well as their level of satisfaction, post-traumatic stress, burnout, level of anxiety and depression and coping strategies put in place.
Results show few significant emotional difficulties. However higher scores are found among women, among professionals who felt a negative impact on their personal lives, as well as for those who thought they had been infected with COVID-19. The establishment of coping strategies such as active coping, planning, expressing feelings, positive reinterpretation and acceptance helped to decrease the level of emotional complexities and brought more compassionate satisfaction. We note that participants with more medical and psychological emergency unit experience tend to show less emotional hardship and more compassionate satisfaction. It appears that older as well as younger professionals have lower burnout scores, as do workers who conducted more interviews for the same person. Likewise, participants who were satisfied of the system organization and of the support - a majority in this study - report less emotional challenges and more compassionate satisfaction.
Psychological impact in this new system among medical and psychological emergency unit professionals is overall low. It appears that some coping strategies, perceived usefulness, satisfaction with the organization and the received support are associated with a lower level of emotional difficulties. A supportive framework and an operative organization of the medical and psychological emergency unit system in times of crisis has a protective effect on the participants.
新冠疫情及其后果给医护人员和普通民众带来了巨大困难，促使各种心理和精神障碍的出现。医疗和心理急救单位的任务是对受创伤事件影响的人员进行医疗和心理急救。鉴于他们在危机管理方面的专业知识，他们建立了一个适应健康危机特点的重要医疗和心理支持系统。不同寻常的干预方式，以及这些专业人员在这种高度紧张的情况下所面临的特殊临床情况，可能使工作人员感到不安并产生心理影响。本研究旨在评估参与这个新系统的医疗和心理急救单位专业人员中是否存在此类影响。
共有313名医疗和心理急救单位专业人员同意参与在线调查。他们填写了调查问卷和视觉模拟量表，以评估在该系统中遇到的困难，以及他们的满意度、创伤后应激、职业倦怠、焦虑和抑郁程度，以及所采取的应对策略。
结果显示情绪方面的重大困难较少。然而，女性、认为对个人生活有负面影响的专业人员以及认为自己感染了新冠病毒的人员得分较高。采取积极应对、制定计划、表达情感、积极重新诠释和接受等应对策略有助于降低情绪复杂性水平，并带来更多的共情满意度。我们注意到，有更多医疗和心理急救单位工作经验的参与者往往表现出较少的情绪困扰和更多的共情满意度。似乎年龄较大和较年轻的专业人员职业倦怠得分较低，对同一人进行更多访谈的工作人员也是如此。同样，对系统组织和支持感到满意的参与者（本研究中的大多数）报告的情绪挑战较少，共情满意度较高。
在这个新系统中，医疗和心理急救单位专业人员的心理影响总体较低。似乎一些应对策略、感知到的有用性、对组织的满意度以及所获得的支持与较低的情绪困难水平相关。在危机时期，医疗和心理急救单位系统的支持性框架和有效组织对参与者具有保护作用。
