Mohta Aditi, Malhotra Sumit, Gupta Sanjeev K, Mani Kalaivani, Patra Bichitra N, Nongkynrih Baridalyne
Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND.
Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND.
Cureus. 2021 Sep 29;13(9):e18388. doi: 10.7759/cureus.18388. eCollection 2021 Sep.
The estimates of prevalence of depression among adolescents in the Indian community are limited; most studies are institution-based. Early identification and management of depression can provide significant health dividends to the affected adolescents, and better health consequences in their adulthood.
To determine the prevalence of depression among 10- to 19-year-old residents in a rural area of Haryana, India, and to assess factors associated with adolescent depression.
A sample of 630 adolescents (between 10 to 19 years of age) residing in the selected area of Ballabgarh (Haryana) were selected using simple random sampling technique. Home visits were made, in which participants were administered the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 to screen for depression. The prevalence and 95%CI were estimated. In addition, a semi-structured interview schedule was administered to identify sociodemographic variables and other factors associated with adolescent depression. Unadjusted and adjusted OR were reported with p-value, using multivariable logistic regression analysis.
The age-adjusted prevalence of depression among adolescents was 20.6% (95% CI: 16.9-24.2). The prevalence in late and early adolescence was 11.7% and 8.9%, respectively. It was higher in girls (22.3%) as compared with boys (19.2%). Mild depression was the most common type identified. On multivariable logistic regression, depression was associated with birth order of four or more (Adjusted OR (AOR)=3.0 (95%CI: 1.4-6.3), p<0.01), presence of long-standing illness in the past three months (AOR=3.0 (95%CI: 1.4-6.1), p<0.01), impaired self-perceived body image (AOR=2.9 (95%CI: 1.8-4.6), p<0.01), and perceived stressful event(s) in the past six months (AOR=4.9 (95%CI: 2.8-8.6), p<0.01).
One in five adolescents was screened positive for depression, necessitating focus on screening and early identification of depressive symptoms, especially at the primary care level.
印度社区青少年抑郁症患病率的估计数据有限；大多数研究是以机构为基础的。抑郁症的早期识别和管理可为受影响的青少年带来显著的健康益处，并在他们成年后带来更好的健康结果。
确定印度哈里亚纳邦农村地区10至19岁居民中抑郁症的患病率，并评估与青少年抑郁症相关的因素。
采用简单随机抽样技术，从巴拉加尔（哈里亚纳邦）选定地区抽取了630名10至19岁的青少年作为样本。进行家访，让参与者填写患者健康问卷（PHQ）-9以筛查抑郁症。估计患病率和95%置信区间。此外，采用半结构化访谈提纲来确定社会人口统计学变量和与青少年抑郁症相关的其他因素。使用多变量逻辑回归分析报告未调整和调整后的比值比及p值。
青少年抑郁症的年龄调整患病率为20.6%（95%置信区间：16.9 - 24.2）。青春期晚期和早期的患病率分别为11.7%和8.9%。女孩（22.3%）的患病率高于男孩（19.2%）。轻度抑郁症是最常见的类型。在多变量逻辑回归分析中，抑郁症与出生顺序为四个或更多（调整后的比值比（AOR）=3.0（95%置信区间：1.4 - 6.3），p<0.01）、过去三个月患有长期疾病（AOR=3.0（95%置信区间：1.4 - 6.1），p<0.01）、自我感知身体形象受损（AOR=2.9（95%置信区间：1.8 - 4.6），p<0.01）以及过去六个月经历过有压力的事件（AOR=4.9（95%置信区间：2.8 - 8.6），p<0.01）有关。
五分之一的青少年抑郁症筛查呈阳性，因此有必要关注抑郁症症状的筛查和早期识别，尤其是在初级保健层面。
