Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
J Leukoc Biol. 2022 Feb;111(2):301-312. doi: 10.1002/JLB.5A0621-314R. Epub 2021 Nov 3.
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a monogenic vasculitis syndrome caused by autosomal-recessive loss-of-function mutations in the ADA2 gene (previously known as CECR1). Vasculitis, vasculopathy, and inflammation are dominant clinical features of this disease; the spectrum of manifestations includes immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferation as well as hematologic manifestations. ADA2 is primarily secreted by stimulated monocytes and macrophages. Aberrant monocyte differentiation to macrophages and neutrophils are important in the pathogenesis of DADA2, but little is known about T lymphocytes in this disease. We performed combined single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell TCR sequencing in order to profile T cell repertoires in 10 patients with DADA2. Although there were no significant alterations of T cell subsets, we observed activation of both CD8 and CD4 T cells. There was no clonal expansion of T cells: most TCRs were expressed at basal levels in patients and healthy donors. TCR usage was private to individual patients and not disease specific, indicating as unlikely a common pathogenic background or predisposition to a common pathogen. We recognized activation of IFN pathways as a signature of T cells and STAT1 as a hub gene in the gene network of T cell activation and cytotoxicity. Overall, T cells in DADA2 patients showed distinct cell-cell interactions with monocytes, as compared with healthy donors, and many of these ligand-receptor interactions likely drove up-regulation of STAT1 in both T cells and other immune cells in patients. Our analysis reveals previously undercharacterized cell characteristics in DADA2.
腺苷脱氨酶 2 缺乏症(DADA2)是一种单基因血管炎综合征,由 ADA2 基因(以前称为 CECR1)的常染色体隐性功能丧失突变引起。血管炎、血管病变和炎症是该疾病的主要临床特征;表现谱包括免疫缺陷和淋巴增生以及血液学表现。ADA2 主要由受刺激的单核细胞和巨噬细胞分泌。异常单核细胞向巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞的分化在 DADA2 的发病机制中很重要,但对该疾病中的 T 淋巴细胞知之甚少。我们进行了联合单细胞 RNA 测序和单细胞 TCR 测序,以对 10 名 DADA2 患者的 T 细胞库进行分析。尽管 T 细胞亚群没有明显改变,但我们观察到 CD8 和 CD4 T 细胞的激活。T 细胞没有克隆扩增:大多数 TCR 在患者和健康供体中均以基础水平表达。TCR 使用是个体患者特有的,而不是疾病特异性的,这表明不太可能存在共同的致病背景或倾向于共同病原体。我们认识到 IFN 途径的激活是 T 细胞的特征,STAT1 是 T 细胞激活和细胞毒性基因网络中的枢纽基因。总体而言,与健康供体相比,DADA2 患者的 T 细胞与单核细胞之间表现出明显不同的细胞间相互作用,并且这些配体-受体相互作用中的许多可能导致患者的 T 细胞和其他免疫细胞中 STAT1 的上调。我们的分析揭示了 DADA2 中以前特征描述不足的细胞特征。
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