在低添加率下，黄粉虫幼虫粉对蛋鸡（Coturnix japonica）日粮中生蛋和煮蛋的体内性能、回肠消化率和理化特性的影响。
In vivo performances, ileal digestibility, and physicochemical characterization of raw and boiled eggs as affected by Tenebrio molitor larvae meal at low inclusion rate in laying quail (Coturnix japonica) diet.
机构信息
Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Firenze 50144, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli 80137, Italy.
出版信息
Poult Sci. 2021 Dec;100(12):101487. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101487. Epub 2021 Sep 16.
A total of 120, twelve wk old female Japanese quails were divided into 4 groups (6 replicates of 5 birds each). The control group (CON) fed a corn-soybean diet; in the other 3 groups, Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (TML) replaced 5, 10, and 20% of the soybean protein (T5, T10, and T20). The laying performance and egg quality were studied for 54 d. The data were processed by a one-way ANOVA; the orthogonal contrast analysis was performed to test the linear, quadratic and cubic effects among the means. The laying rate and egg mass linearly decreased (P < 0.01) as the TML inclusion level in the diet increased. The egg weight and feed conversion ratio linearly increased from the control to T20 diet (P < 0.01) while the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein linearly decreased (P < 0.05). The albumen and yolk weight showed a linear increase (P < 0.01) due to dietary TML inclusion, while the eggshell weight showed the opposite (P < 0.05). The estimated activity of Δ9-desaturase (C16:0), Δ5+Δ6-desaturase on both polyunsaturated fatty acid n-6 and n-3 linearly increased (P < 0.05) as affected by dietary TML. The boiled yolk lightness (L*) showed higher values in T5 and T10 groups (quadratic contrast, P < 0.01). The yolk redness index (a*) showed lower values in T5 and T20 than control and T10 groups (cubic contrast, P < 0.01). The albumen L*, a*, and b* indexes showed a significant effect of the quadratic contrast (P < 0.05). In addition, the albumen b* index showed a significant effect of the cubic contrast (P < 0.01). The total lipids showed the highest values (cubic contrast, P < 0.05) in the T10 and T20 groups. The total monounsaturated fatty acids linearly increased (P < 0.05) according to the increase of dietary TML. The best inclusion level of defatted TML meal for laying quails seems to be 1.4% of diet, corresponding to the T5 diet.
共有 120 只 12 周龄的雌性日本鹌鹑被分为 4 组（每组 6 个重复，每个重复 5 只）。对照组（CON）饲喂玉米-豆粕日粮；在另外 3 组中，黄粉虫幼虫粉（TML）分别替代 5%、10%和 20%的大豆蛋白（T5、T10 和 T20）。研究了 54d 的产蛋性能和蛋品质。数据通过单因素方差分析进行处理；采用正交对比分析检验均值间的线性、二次和三次效应。随着日粮 TML 含量的增加，产蛋率和蛋重呈线性下降（P<0.01）。蛋重和饲料转化率从对照到 T20 日粮呈线性增加（P<0.01），而干物质、有机物和粗蛋白的消化率则线性下降（P<0.05）。由于日粮 TML 的添加，蛋清和蛋黄重量呈线性增加（P<0.01），而蛋壳重量则相反（P<0.05）。膳食 TML 对 Δ9-去饱和酶（C16:0）、Δ5+Δ6-去饱和酶在多不饱和脂肪酸 n-6 和 n-3 上的活性均呈线性增加（P<0.05）。煮沸蛋黄明度（L*）在 T5 和 T10 组中值较高（二次对比，P<0.01）。蛋黄红色指数（a*）在 T5 和 T20 组中值较低，低于对照和 T10 组（三次对比，P<0.01）。蛋清 L*、a和 b指数均受二次对比的显著影响（P<0.05）。此外，蛋清 b*指数受三次对比的显著影响（P<0.01）。总脂含量在 T10 和 T20 组中值最高（三次对比，P<0.05）。随着日粮 TML 的增加，总单不饱和脂肪酸呈线性增加（P<0.05）。对于产蛋鹌鹑，脱脂 TML 粉的最佳添加水平似乎为 1.4%的日粮，相当于 T5 日粮。
Zotero 插件