Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640, Guangzhou, China; Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640, Guangzhou, China.
Poult Sci. 2022 Sep;101(9):102015. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102015. Epub 2022 Jun 22.
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of different dietary levels of cassava starch extraction residue meal (CReM) on egg production, egg quality, oxidative status, egg yolk fatty acid profile, and hepatic expression of fatty acid metabolism-related genes. In total, 288 Longyan laying ducks aged 21 wk with similar BW were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments, each consisting of 6 replicates of 12 birds. The birds were fed a typical corn-soybean meal diet, which contained 0% (control), 5%, 10%, and 15% CReM, mainly replacing wheat bran, and the experiment lasted for 16 wk. The tested CReM levels did not show significant effects on the egg production, nonmarketable egg percentage, egg weight, daily egg mass, and FCR (g feed: g egg), but daily feed intake was reduced with increased CReM level (linear P < 0.001, quadratic P < 0.05). Yolk color increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) with the increase in CReM level, but the Haugh unit, yolk proportion, albumen proportion, shell proportion, eggshell thickness, and eggshell strength were unaffected. Yolk contents of C11:0 and C12:0 (linear, quadratic, P < 0.01) and total saturated fatty acids increased, and the C22:1 level decreased (linear P < 0.01, quadratic P < 0.05) with the increase in CReM level, but the total monounsaturated fatty acids, the individual and total polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, triglycerides, and total cholesterol in egg yolk were not affected. Hepatic gene expression revealed a significant increase in peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors γ (linear, quadratic, P < 0.001), but the expression of fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and apolipoprotein A1 genes were unaffected by CReM level. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that the CReM could be included up to 15% in laying duck diets without negative effects on the egg-laying rate, egg quality, and oxidative status. Dietary inclusion of CReM increased the yolk content of total saturated fatty acids and SOD activity in the liver.
本研究旨在评估不同木薯淀粉提取残渣饲料（CReM）水平对产蛋性能、蛋品质、氧化状态、蛋黄脂肪酸谱以及肝脏脂肪酸代谢相关基因表达的影响。共选择 288 只 21 周龄、体重相近的龙岩蛋鸭，随机分为 4 个处理组，每个处理组 6 个重复，每个重复 12 只鸭。鸭群饲喂典型的玉米-豆粕日粮，0%（对照组）、5%、10%和 15% CReM 主要替代麦麸，试验持续 16 周。结果表明，CReM 水平对产蛋率、不合格蛋率、蛋重、日蛋重和饲料转化率（g 饲料：g 蛋）无显著影响，但随着 CReM 水平的增加，日采食量减少（线性 P < 0.001，二次 P < 0.05）。蛋黄颜色随着 CReM 水平的增加而增加（线性和二次，P < 0.01），但哈夫单位、蛋黄比例、蛋清比例、蛋壳比例、蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度不受影响。蛋黄中 C11:0 和 C12:0 的含量（线性、二次，P < 0.01）和总饱和脂肪酸增加，C22:1 水平降低（线性 P < 0.01，二次 P < 0.05）随着 CReM 水平的增加，但蛋黄中的总单不饱和脂肪酸、个体和总多不饱和脂肪酸和 n-6 和 n-3 脂肪酸、甘油三酯和总胆固醇不受影响。肝脏基因表达显示过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ 显著增加（线性、二次，P < 0.001），但脂肪酸合成酶、固醇调节元件结合蛋白 1 和载脂蛋白 A1 基因的表达不受 CReM 水平的影响。综上所述，本研究结果表明，在不影响产蛋率、蛋品质和氧化状态的情况下，CReM 可添加到产蛋鸭日粮中高达 15%。日粮添加 CReM 增加了蛋黄总饱和脂肪酸的含量和肝脏中的 SOD 活性。
