Chintauan-Marquier Ioana C, Legendre Frédéric, Hugel Sylvain, Robillard Tony, Grandcolas Philippe, Nel André, Zuccon Dario, Desutter-Grandcolas Laure
Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 50, 45, rue Buffon, Paris, 75005, France.
INCI, UPR3212 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 21, rue René Descartes, Strasbourg, F-67084, France.
Cladistics. 2016 Feb;32(1):54-81. doi: 10.1111/cla.12114. Epub 2015 Jul 14.
Orthoptera have been used for decades for numerous evolutionary questions but several of its constituent groups, notably crickets, still suffer from a lack of a robust phylogenetic hypothesis. We propose the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the evolution of crickets sensu lato, based on analysis of 205 species, representing 88% of the subfamilies and 71% tribes currently listed in the database Orthoptera Species File (OSF). We reconstructed parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies using fragments of 18S, 28SA, 28SD, H3, 12S, 16S, and cytb (~3600 bp). Our results support the monophyly of the cricket clade, and its subdivision into two clades: mole crickets and ant-loving crickets on the one hand, and all the other crickets on the other (i.e. crickets sensu stricto). Crickets sensu stricto form seven monophyletic clades, which support part of the OSF families, "subfamily groups", or subfamilies: the mole crickets (OSF Gryllotalpidae), the scaly crickets (OSF Mogoplistidae), and the true crickets (OSF Gryllidae) are recovered as monophyletic. Among the 22 sampled subfamilies, only six are monophyletic: Gryllotalpinae, Trigonidiinae, Pteroplistinae, Euscyrtinae, Oecanthinae, and Phaloriinae. Most of the 37 tribes sampled are para- or polyphyletic. We propose the best-supported clades as backbones for future definitions of familial groups, validating some taxonomic hypotheses proposed in the past. These clades fit variously with the morphological characters used today to identify crickets. Our study emphasizes the utility of a classificatory system that accommodates diagnostic characters and monophyletic units of evolution. Moreover, the phylogenetic hypotheses proposed by the present study open new perspectives for further evolutionary research, especially on acoustic communication and biogeography.
几十年来，直翅目昆虫一直被用于研究众多进化问题，但它的几个组成类群，尤其是蟋蟀，仍然缺乏一个可靠的系统发育假说。我们基于对205个物种的分析，提出了首个关于广义蟋蟀进化的系统发育假说，这些物种代表了直翅目物种档案（OSF）数据库中目前列出的亚科的88%和族的71%。我们使用18S、28SA、28SD、H3、12S、16S和细胞色素b（~3600 bp）的片段重建了简约法、最大似然法和贝叶斯系统发育树。我们的结果支持蟋蟀类群的单系性，并将其细分为两个类群：一方面是蝼蛄和嗜蚁蟋蟀，另一方面是所有其他蟋蟀（即狭义蟋蟀）。狭义蟋蟀形成七个单系类群，这支持了OSF中的部分科、“亚科组”或亚科：蝼蛄科（OSF Gryllotalpidae）、糙蟋科（OSF Mogoplistidae）和蟋蟀科（OSF Gryllidae）被恢复为单系。在22个采样亚科中，只有六个是单系的：蝼蛄亚科、三角蟋亚科、距蟋亚科、优蟋亚科、卵圆蟋亚科和法罗蟋亚科。采样的37个族中的大多数是并系或多系的。我们提出支持度最高的类群作为未来科类群定义的主干，验证过去提出的一些分类学假说。这些类群与当今用于识别蟋蟀的形态特征有不同程度的契合。我们的研究强调了一个容纳诊断特征和进化单系单元的分类系统的实用性。此外，本研究提出的系统发育假说为进一步的进化研究，特别是关于声学通讯和生物地理学的研究，开辟了新的视角。
