Csizmadia Petra, Czigler István, Nagy Boglárka, Gaál Zsófia Anna
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
Doctoral School of Psychology (Cognitive Science), Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
Front Psychol. 2021 Oct 18;12:742116. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.742116. eCollection 2021.
We do not know enough about the cognitive background of creativity despite its significance. Using an active oddball paradigm with unambiguous and ambiguous portrait paintings as the standard stimuli, our aim was to examine whether: creativity in the figural domain influences the perception of visual stimuli; any stages of visual processing; or if healthy aging has an effect on these processes. We investigated event related potentials (ERPs) and applied ERP decoding analyses in four groups: younger less creative; younger creative; older less creative; and older creative adults. The early visual processing did not differ between creativity groups. In the later ERP stages the amplitude for the creative compared with the less creative groups was larger between 300 and 500 ms. The stimuli types were clearly distinguishable: within the 300-500 ms range the amplitude was larger for ambiguous rather than unambiguous paintings, but this difference in the traditional ERP analysis was only observable in the younger, not elderly groups, who also had this difference when using decoding analysis. Our results could not prove that visual creativity influences the early stage of perception, but showed creativity had an effect on stimulus processing in the 300-500 ms range, in indexing differences in top-down control, and having more flexible cognitive control in the younger creative group.
尽管创造力具有重要意义，但我们对其认知背景了解不足。我们采用主动式奇偶数范式，以明确和模糊的人物肖像画作为标准刺激，旨在研究：图形领域的创造力是否会影响视觉刺激的感知；视觉处理的任何阶段；或者健康衰老是否会对这些过程产生影响。我们对四组人群进行了事件相关电位（ERP）研究，并应用ERP解码分析：年轻但创造力较低的人群；年轻且有创造力的人群；年长但创造力较低的人群；以及年长且有创造力的成年人。创造力不同的组在早期视觉处理方面没有差异。在后期ERP阶段，与创造力较低的组相比，有创造力的组在300至500毫秒之间的波幅更大。刺激类型能够清晰区分：在300 - 500毫秒范围内，模糊画作的波幅大于明确画作，但在传统ERP分析中，这种差异仅在年轻人群中可观察到，老年人群中未观察到，不过在使用解码分析时，年轻人群中也存在这种差异。我们的结果无法证明视觉创造力会影响感知的早期阶段，但表明创造力在300 - 500毫秒范围内对刺激处理有影响，体现在自上而下控制的差异索引方面，并且年轻有创造力的组具有更灵活的认知控制。
